Malaria And Sickle Cell Anemia Continued

Front 1

parasite that cause malaria

Back 1

1. Plasmodium flacoparium (most serious)
2. P. malariae
3. P. vivax
4. P. ovale

Front 2

malaria hypothesis to explain the persitence of the S allele

Back 2

malaria is prevalent in the places where the S allele is prevalent because it being a heterozygote (AS) protect indivduals from malaria

Front 3

conditions where malaria is found

Back 3

habitats that favor the growth of misquitos
1. warm places with lots of sun
2. have stagnant pools of water

Front 4

how you get malaria

Back 4

1. get infected by a female misquito who carries the parasite in its salvia

2. the sporozite goes to your liver and produces merozyotes which cause the liver cell to rupture and enter the blood stream

3. the mereozyotes go to the red blood cells and cause them to rupture

4. cause toxins to enter the body and create flu like symptoms

Front 5

Reasons for high proportions of people with S allele

Back 5

1. severity of malaria in the area
2. rate of having sickle cell anemia

Front 6

Livingstone Hypothesis

Back 6

1. cutting down forests creates a habitat more suitable misquitos because it increase exposure to sunlight and makes the soil more compact and creates pools of water on the ground b/c of reduced biomass
2. praticing horticulture also increases malaria in the area b/c it cuts down trees

Front 7

Evidence for Malaria Hypothesis

Back 7

1. geographical correlation between disturbution of P. falcopamen and S allele

2. Epidemiological: kids w/ AS have lower incidences of malaria

3. biochemical: red blood cells of AS genotype sickle in response to intro of malaria to make cell less habitable for parasite

Front 8

S allele (q) is a function of:

Back 8

1. s= selection against the AA genotype for the AS when malaria occurs

2. t= reduction of fittness for the ss genotype compared to AS genotype

3. T= time

Front 9

which variables should have a tight coorespondence

Back 9

1. q and s (selection coefficent of AS over AA)

2. q and rainfall

Front 10

what type of selection goes on for A and S alleles

Back 10

stabilizing where heterzygote has the advantage