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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Murbury v Madison |
1803 - Constitutional Power
Was the first instance in which a law passed by Congress was declared unconstitutional. The decision greatly expanded the power of the Court by establishing its right to overturn acts of Congress, a power not explicitly granted by the Constitution. |
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McColloch v Maryland |
1819 - Constitutional Power
Upheld the right of Congress to create a Bank of the United States, ruling that it was a power implied but not enumerated by the Constitution.
The case is significant because it advanced the doctrine of implied powers, or a loose construction of the Constitution. |
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Gibbons v Ogden |
1924- Constitutional Powers
Defined broadly Congress's right to regulate commerce.
The Court held that the New York law granting sole use of a water passageway to one person was unconstitutional, since the power to regulate interstate commerce, which extended to the regulation of navigation, belonged exclusively to Congress. |
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Dred Scott v Sandford |
1857- Slavery, Citizenship, and Constitutional Powers
A Slave living in a free state was still a slave.
Blacks were not US citizens and therefore could not sue in court.
Declaring that Congress had no right to ban slavery from U.S. territories. |
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Plessy v Ferguson |
1896 - Constitutional Rights
Affirmed “equal but separate accommodations” for blacks did not violate the “equal protection under the laws” clause of the 14th Amendment.
Paved the way for the repressive Jim Crow laws of the South. |
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Brown v Board of Education of Topeka |
1954 - Constitutional Rights
Invalidated racial segregation in schools and led to the unraveling of de jure segregation in all areas of public life.
Invalidated the Plessy ruling, finding that it did violate the 14th amendment. |
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Gideon v Wainwright |
1954 - Consititutional Rights
A state's failure to provide counsel for a defendant charged with a felony violated the Fourteenth Amendment's due process clause. |
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New York Times v Sullivan |
1964 - Constitutional Rights
Official have to prove that a harmful untruth was told maliciously and with reckless disregard for truth to bring a suit. |
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Grisworld v Connecticut |
1965 - Fundamental Rights
Banning on the use of contraceptives violates a couple's "right to marital privacy".
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Miranda v Arizona |
1966 - Constitutional Rights
Criminal suspects must be warned of their rights before they are questioned by police.
These rights are: the right to remain silent, to have an attorney present, and, if the suspect cannot afford an attorney, to have one appointed by the state. The police must also warn suspects that any statements they make can be used against them in court. |
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Roe v Wade |
1973 - Constitutional Rights
A woman has the right to an abortion without interference from the government in the first trimester of pregnancy,
The Court maintained that right to privacy is not absolute, however, and granted states the right to intervene in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. |
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Buckley v Valeo |
1976 - Constitutional Rights
In a per curiam decision, the Supreme Court upheld the limits on contributions from individuals, disclosure rules, and the public financing of campaigns, saying they maintain the integrity of elections and prevent corruption.
However, the Court struck down spending limits imposed on candidates and individuals or groups. They "are free to spend as much as they want to promote the candidate and his views." |
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Regents of the University of California v Bakke |
1978 - Constitutional Rights
Imposed limitations on affirmative action to ensure that providing greater opportunities for minorities did not come at the expense of the rights of the majority (reverse discrimination).
While race was a legitimate factor in school admissions, the use of rigid quotas was not permissible.
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Bush v Gore |
2000 - Constitutional Rights
Recounting of ballots violated the Constitution's equal protection and due process guarantees, since counting standards varied among counties. |
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Near v Minnesota |
1931 - Constitutional Rights A state cannot engage in “prior restraint”; that is, with rare exceptions, it cannot stop a person from publishing or expressing a thought. |
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Lockner v New York |
1905 - A states cannot interfere contract with an employees right to contact with an employer. |
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Schenck v United States |
1919- Speech that presents a "clear and present danger" to the security of the united states is in violation of the principle of free speak as protected by the first amendment of the constitution. |
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West Coast Hotel v Parrish |
1937 - Determined that the court could regulate commerce. Invalidated Lockner v New York of 1905 which had been used to strike down New Deal Legislation. |
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Mapp v Ohio |
1961 - Evidence that is illegally obtained by the state cannot be used against a defendant in court. |
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Baker v Carr |
1962 - District lines cannot be drawn in such a way as to violate the equal protect clause of the 14th Amendment. |
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Engel v Vitale |
1962 - Public Institutions cannot require prayer. |
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United States v Nixon |
1974 - The president does not have immunity from the judicial process. |
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Texas v Johnson |
1989 - Desecration of the flag is protected under freedom of speech. |
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Terry v Ohio |
1968- Stop and frisk does not violate the constitution |
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Muller v. Oregon |
1908 - Upheld that the restriction of hours worked for women was justified by the states need to protect the health of women.
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Weeks v United States |
1914 - The state cannot seize items from a private residence without a warrant. |
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Stanton v Baltic Mining Company |
1916 - Upheld the constitutionally of income tax under the 1913 Revenue Act. |
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Olmstead v United States |
1928 - Wiretaps of private phone calls without Judicial approval and its use as evidence does not violate the constitution. |
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Katz v United States |
1967 - Invalidated Olmstead v United States and Goldman v United States.
In areas were an individuals has a reasonable expectation for privacy, such as there place of residence, wiretaps cannot be used to obtain evidence without judicial approval. |
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Cooper v Arizona |
1958 - States cannot nullify decisions of the federal court. |