Mader's Understanding Human Anatomy & Physiology

Front 1

ATOMS

Back 1

SMALLEST UNIT OF MATTER.

Front 2

MOLECULES

Back 2

SMALLEST QUANTITY OF A SUBSTANCE THAT RETAINS IT CHEMICAL PROPERTIES.

Front 3

MACROMOLECULES

Back 3

LARGE MOLECULE COMPOSED OF SMALLER MOLECULES

Front 4

ORGANELLES

Back 4

PART OF A CELL WHICH PERFORMS A SPECIALIZED FUNCTION.

Front 5

CELLS

Back 5

STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF AN ORGANISIM; SMALLEST STRUCTURE CAPABLE OF PERFORMING ALL THE FUNCTIONS NECESSARY FOR LIFE.

Front 6

ORGAN

Back 6

COMPOSED OF SEVERAL TYPES OF TISSUES AND PERFORMS A PARTICULAR FUNCTION WITHIN A ORGAN SYSTEM.

Front 7

ORGAN SYSTEM

Back 7

GROUP OF RELATED ORGANS WORKING TOGETHER.

Front 8

ORGANISM

Back 8

INDIVIDUAL LIVING THING.

Front 9

ANTERIOR
(VENTRAL)

Back 9

A BODY PART THAT IS LOCATED TOWARD THE FRONT. FOR EXAMPLE, THE WINDPIPE (TRACHEA) IS ANTERIOR TO THE ESOPHAGUS.

Front 10

POSTERIOR
(DORSAL)

Back 10

A BODY PART IS LOCATED TOWARD THE BACK. FOR EXAMPLE, THE HEART IS POSTERIOR TO THE STERNUM (BREASTBONE).

Front 11

SUPERIOR

Back 11

A BODY PART IS LOCATED ABOVE ANOTHER PART, OR TOWARD THE HEAD. FOR EXAMPLE, THE FACE IS SUPERIOR TO THE NECK.

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INFERIOR

Back 12

A BODY PART IS BELOW ANOTHER PART, OR TOWARD THE FEET. FOR EXAMPLE, THE NAVEL IS INFERIOR TO THE CHIN.

Front 13

MEDIAL

Back 13

A BODY PART IS NEARER THAN ANOTHER PART TO AN IMAGINARY MIDLINE OF THE BODY. FOR EXAMPLE, THE BRIDGE OF THE NOSE IS MEDIAL TO THE EYES.

Front 14

LATERAL

Back 14

A BODY PART IS FARTHER AWAY FROM THE MIDLINE. FOR EXAMPLE, THE EYES ARE LATERAL TO THE NOSE.

Front 15

PROXIMAL

Back 15

A BODY PART IS CLOSER TO THE POINT OF ATTACHMENT OR CLOSER TO THE TRUNK.FOR EXAMPLE, THE ELBOW IS PROXIMAL TO THE HAND.

Front 16

DISTAL

Back 16

A BODY PART IS FARTHER FROM THE POINT OF ATTACHMENT OR FARTHER FROM THE TRUNK OR TORSO. FOR EXAMPLE, THE HAND IS DISTAL TO THE ELBOW.

Front 17

SUPERFICIAL
(EXTERNAL)

Back 17

A BODY PART IS LOCATED NEAR THE SURFACE. FOR EXAMPLE, THE SKIN IS SUPERFICIAL TO THE MUSCLES.

Front 18

DEEP
(INTERNAL)

Back 18

THE BODY PART IS LOCATED AWAY FROM THE SURFACE. FOR EXAMPLE, THE INTESTINES ARE DEEP TO THE SPINE.

Front 19

CENTRAL

Back 19

A BODY PART IS SITUATED AWAY FROM THE CENTER OF THE BODY OR AN ORGAN. FOR EXAMPLE, THE CENTRAL NERVOUSE SYSTEM IS LOCATED ALONG THE MAIN AXIS OF THE BODY.

Front 20

PERIPHERAL

Back 20

A BODY PART IS SITUATED AWAY FROM THE CENTER OF THE BODY OR AN ORGAN. FOR EXAMPLE, THER PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IS LOCATED OUTSIE THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Front 21

IPSILATERAL

Back 21

A BODY PART IS ON THE SAME SIDE OF THE BODY AS ANOTHER BODY PART. FOR EXAMPLE, THE RIGHT HAND IS IPSILATERAL TO THE RIGHT FOOT.

Front 22

AXIAL PORTION OF THE BODY

Back 22

INCLUDES THE HEAD, NECK, AND TRUNK.

Front 23

APPENDICULAR PORTION OF THE BODY

Back 23

INCLUDES THE LIMBS: THAT IS THE UPPER LIMBS & LOWER LIMBS.

Front 24

SAGITTAL PLANE
( MEDIAL PLANE)

Back 24

EXTENDS LENGTHWISE & DIVIDES THE BODY INTO RIGHT AND LEFT PORTIONS. FOR EXAMPLE, IFT PASSES EXACTLY THROUGH THE MIDLINE OF THE BODY.

Front 25

FRONTAL PLANE

Back 25

ALSO EXTENDS LENGTHWISE, BUT IT IS PERPENDICULAR TO A SAGITTAL PLANE & DIVIDES THE BODY OR AN ORGAN INTO ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR PORTIONS.

Front 26

TRANSVERSE PLANE

Back 26

IS PERPENDICULAR TO THE BODYS LONG AXIS AND THEREFORE DIVIDES THE BODY HORIZONTALLY TO PRODUCE A CROSS SECTION.

Front 27

THE POSTERIOR BODY CAVITY IS SUVDIVIDED INTO 2 PARTS.

Back 27

1. THE CRANIAL CAVITY, ENCLOSED BY THE BONY CRANIUM, CONTAINS THE BRAIN.
2. VERTEBRALCANAL ENCLOSED BY THE VERTEBRAE, CONTAINS THE SPINAL CORD.

Front 28

THE POSTERIOR BODY CAVITY IS LINED BY 3 MEMBRANOUS LAYERS CALLED

Back 28

MENINGES

Front 29

THE LARGE ANTERIOR BODY CAVITY IS SUBDIVIDED INTO

Back 29

THE THORACIC CAVITY AND THE INFERIOR ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY.

Front 30

DIAPHRAGM

Back 30

A MUSCULAR PARTITION SEPARATES THE 2 CAVITIES.

Front 31

SERIOUS MEMBRANES

Back 31

MEMBRANES THAT COVERS INTERNAL ORGANS AND LINES CAVITIES LACKING AN OPENING TO THE OUTSIDE OF THE BODY. ALSO CALLED SEROSA.

Front 32

SERUM

Back 32

IS THE FLUID THAT REMAINS IF ALL OF THE CLOTTING PROTEINS ARE REMOVED FROM THE BLOOD.

Front 33

PARIETAL PERITONEUM

Back 33

LINES THE ABDOMINAL AND PELVIC WALLS AND THE INFERIOR SURFACE OF THE THORACIC DIAPHRAGM.

Front 34

VISCERAL PERITONUEM

Back 34

MEMBRANE THAT COVERS THE SURGACES OF THE LUNGS

Front 35

SEROUS MEMBRANE

Back 35

MEMBRANE THAT COVERS INTERNAL ORGANS AND LINES CAVITITES LACKING AN OPENING TO THE OUTSIDE OF THE BODY ; ALSO CALLED SEROSA

Front 36

MEDIASTINUM

Back 36

TISSUE MASS LOCATED BETWEEN THE LUNGS.

Front 37

VISCERAL PLEURA

Back 37

MEMBRANE THAT COVERS TH ESURGACES OF THE LUNGS.

Front 38

PARIETAL PLEURA

Back 38

MEMBRANE THAT LINES THE INNER WALL OF THE THORACIC CAVITY.

Front 39

PLEURAE

Back 39

SERIOUS MEMBRANE THAT COVERS THE LUNGS AND LINES THE WALLS OF THE CHEST AND DIAPHRAGM.

Front 40

VISCERAL PERICARDIUM

Back 40

THE INNER LAYER OF THE SEROUS PERICARDIUM; IT IS IN CONTACT WITH THE HEART AND THE ROOTS OF THE VESSELS OF THE HEART.