Mader 15 Vocabulary

Front 1

Dark-staining body (discovered by M. Barr) in the nuclei of female mammals that contains a condensed, inactive X chromosome.

Back 1

Barr body

Front 2

Environmental agent that causes mutations leading to the development of cancer.

Back 2

carcinogen

Front 3

Network of fibrils consisting of DNA and associated proteins observed within a nucleus that is not dividing.

Back 3

chromatin

Front 4

Molecule that binds to a repressor, allowing the repressor to bind to an operator in a repressible operon.

Back 4

corepressor

Front 5

Site of gene functionality that is not encoded within the DNA sequence but that is still inheritable from one generation to the next.

Back 5

epigenetic inheritance

Front 6

Chromatin that is extended and accessible for transcription.

Back 6

euchromatin

Front 7

Insertion or deletion of at least one base so that the reading frame of the corresponding mRNA changes.

Back 7

frameshift mutation

Front 8

Altered gene whose sequence of bases differs from the previous sequence.

Back 8

genetic mutation

Front 9

Highly compacted chromatin that is not accessible for transcription.

Back 9

heterochromatin

Front 10

Small basic protein with large amounts of lysine and arginine that is associated with eukaryotic DNA in chromatin.

Back 10

histone

Front 11

Molecule that brings about activity of an opereon by joining with a repressor and preventing it from binding to the operator.

Back 11

inducer

Front 12

In a catabolic pathway, an operon causes transcription of the genes controlling a group of enzymes.

Back 12

inducible operon

Front 13

Introns that are processed into smaller signals; after being degraded, they combine with a protein, and the complex binds to mRNAs. These are then destroyed instead of being translated.

Back 13

microRNA

Front 14

In the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, a unit composed of DNA wound around a core of eight histone proteins, giving the appearance of a string of beads.

Back 14

nucleosome

Front 15

In an operon, the sequence of DNA that binds tightly to a repressor, and thereby regulates the expression of structural genes.

Back 15

operator

Front 16

Group of structural and regulating genes that function as a single unit.

Back 16

operon

Front 17

Change of one base only in the sequence of bases in a gene.

Back 17

point mutation

Front 18

Gene expression following translation regulated by the way mRNA transcripts are processed.

Back 18

posttranscriptional control

Front 19

Gene expression following translation regulated by the activity of the newly synthesized protein.

Back 19

posttranslational control

Front 20

In an operon, a sequence of DNA where RNA polymerase binds prior to transcription.

Back 20

promoter

Front 21

In an operon, a gene that codes for a protein that regulates the expression of other genes.

Back 21

regulator gene

Front 22

Operon that is normally active because the repressor is normally inactive.

Back 22

repressible operon

Front 23

In an operon, protein molecule that binds to an operator, preventing transcription of structural genes.

Back 23

repressor

Front 24

Gene that codes for an enzyme in a metabolic pathway.

Back 24

structural gene

Front 25

Protein that speeds transcription.

Back 25

transcription activator

Front 26

In eukaryotes, protein required for the initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase.

Back 26

transcription factor

Front 27

Control of gene expression during the transcriptional phase determined by mechanisms that control whether transcription occurs or the rate at which it occurs.

Back 27

transcriptional control

Front 28

Gene expression regulated by the activity of mRNA transcripts.

Back 28

translational conrol

Front 29

DNA sequence capable of randomly moving from one site to another in the genome.

Back 29

transposon