Mader 05 Vocabulary - Guest

Front 1

active transport

Back 1

Use of a plasma membrane carrier protein to move a molecule or ion from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration; it opposes equilibrium and requires energy.

Front 2

carrier protein

Back 2

Protein that combines with and transports a molecule or ion across the plasma membrane.

Front 3

cell recognition protein

Back 3

Glycoprotein that helps the body defend itself against pathogens.

Front 4

cell wall

Back 4

Structure that surrounds a plant, protistan, fungal, or bacterial cell and maintains the cell's shape and rigidity.

Front 5

channel protein

Back 5

Protein that forms a tunnel to allow a particular molecule or ion to cross the plasma membrane.

Front 6

cholesterol

stabilizes and strengthens the membrane

Back 6

One of the major lipids found in animal plasma membranes. What is its function?

Front 7

concentration gradient

Back 7

Gradual change in chemical concentration from one point to another.

Front 8

crenation, hypertonic

Back 8

In animal cells, shriveling of the cell due to water leaving the cell when the environment is _____.

Front 9

selective permability

Back 9

Ability of plasma membranes to regulate the passage of substances into and out of the cell, allowing some to pass through and preventing the passage of others.

Front 10

diffusion

Back 10

Movement of molecules or ions from a region of higher to lower concentration; it requires no energy and tends to lead to an equal distribution.

Front 11

endocytosis

Back 11

Process by which substances are moved into the cell from the environment by phagocytosis (cellular eating) or pinocytosis (cellular drinking); includes receptor-mediated version.

Front 12

enzymatic protein

Back 12

Protein that catalyzes a specific reaction.

Front 13

exocytosis

Back 13

Process in which an intracellular vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane so that the vesicle's contents are released outside the cell.

Front 14

facilitated transport / facilitated diffusion

Back 14

Passive transfer of a substance into or out of a cell along a concentration gradient by a process that requires a carrier.

Front 15

fluid-mosaic model

Back 15

Model for the plasma membrane based on the changing location and pattern of protein molecules in a fluid phospholipid bilayer.

Front 16

glycolipid

Back 16

Lipid in plasma membranes that bears a carbohydrate chain attached to a hydrophobic tail.

Front 17

glycoprotein

Back 17

Protein in plasma membranes that bears a carbohydrate chain.

Front 18

hypertonic solution;

water leaves the cell

Back 18

Higher solute concentration (less water) than the cytoplasm of a cell; Does water enter or leave the cell?

Front 19

hypotonic solution

water enters the cell

Back 19

Lower solute (more water) concentration than the cytoplasm of a cell; Does water enter or leave the cell?

Front 20

isotonic solution

Back 20

Solution that is equal in solute concentration to that of the cytoplasm of a cell;

Front 21

osmosis

Back 21

Diffusion of water through a differentially permeable membrane

Front 22

osmotic pressure

Back 22

Measure of the tendency of water to move across a differentially permeable membrane; visible as an increase in liquid on the side of the membrane with higher solute concentration.

Front 23

phagocytosis

amoeba eating another cell, white blood cells.

Back 23

Process by which cells engulfs other cells, forming an intracellular vacuole. Give examples.

Front 24

phospholipid bilayer

Back 24

Comprises the plasma membrane; each polar, hydrophilic head is bonded to two nonpolar, hydrophobic tails; contains embedded proteins.

Front 25

pinocytosis

Back 25

Process by which vesicle formation non-selectively brings macromolecules into the cell.

Front 26

plasmolysis

Back 26

Contraction of the cell contents due to the loss of water.

Front 27

receptor-mediated endocytosis

receptor proteins

Back 27

Selective uptake of molecules into a cell by vacuole formation after they bind to specific proteins in the plasma membrane. What are the proteins called?

Front 28

receptor protein

Back 28

Protein located in the plasma membrane or within the cell; binds to a substance that alters some metabolic aspect of the cell.

Front 29

sodium-potassium pump

Back 29

Carrier protein in the plasma membrane that moves ions; important in nerve and muscle cells.

Front 30

solute

Back 30

Substance that is dissolved in a solvent, forming a solution.

Front 31

solution

Back 31

Fluid (the solvent) that contains a dissolved solid (the solute).

Front 32

solvent

Back 32

Liquid portion of a solution that serves to dissolve a solute.

Front 33

tonicity

Back 33

Used to describe relative concentration of solution to that of a cell.

Front 34

turgor pressure

Back 34

Pressure of the cell contents against the cell wall; in plant cells, determined by the water content of the vacuole and provides internal support.

Front 35

freeze-fracturing electron microsopy

Back 35

method of imaging plasma membrane

Front 36

Transmembrane protein

Integral protein

Back 36

Protein that goes from 1 end of the cell membrane to the other. Give both words.

Front 37

peripheral protein

Back 37

Protein on the interior edge of the plasma membrane

Front 38

intracellular

Back 38

Descriptor of the region inside the cell

Front 39

extracellular

Back 39

Descriptor of the region outside the cell

Front 40

cell recognition protein

Back 40

Membrane protein that is an ID tag

Front 41

receptor protein

Back 41

Membrane protein that transfers information

Front 42

glycoproteins

Back 42

red blood cells have ID tags made of ___ which determine type A, B, AB, or O

Front 43

temperature, size of molecules, concentration

Back 43

Give 3 factors that influence rate of diffusion

Front 44

lyse

hypotonic

Back 44

what happens when too much water moves into the cell. What is the tonicity of the solution?

Front 45

crenate

hypertonic

Back 45

what happens when to much water leaves the cell. What is tonicity of the solution

Front 46

hypotonic

Back 46

tonicity preferred by plants

Front 47

isotonic

Back 47

tonicity preferred by animal cells

Front 48

contractile vacuoles

ameoba, protists

Back 48

pumps the excess water out of single celled organisms. Give examples.

Front 49

simple diffusion,

water, gasses

Back 49

passive transport through the membrane

Front 50

facilitative diffusion/facilitative transport

carrier protein

channel protein

Back 50

passive transport through a tunnel in the membrane. What are the tunnels made of?

Front 51

membrane potential

Back 51

the + charge on the outside and - charge on the inside of the cell give rise to a ____

Front 52

Na/K pump

Neurons

Back 52

active transport method used to maintain membrane potential. Give important application.

Front 53

exocytosis

Back 53

neurotransmitters are moved released from the cell by ______