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35 Cards in this Set

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Define Complementary bases

They are the DNA bases that will bind to each other in a complementary fashion (A-T, G-C)

Define Complementary binding

When the active site of an enzyme and substrate are specific for each other and they bind together

Define Complementary strand

A strand of DNA that is one of the double helix and complements the coding or template strand

What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid

What shape does DNA have?

A double helix shape

Define DNA

A molecule made up of nucleotides that contain the genetic information for all organisms

Define Macromolecules

The large organic molecules in cells.

What do Macromolecules consist of?

Nucleic acids


Proteins


Polysaccharides


Lipids

Define Monomer

Simple building block molecules that when linked together form a polymer

Define Nucleic Acid

A macromolecule made up of a sequence of nucleotides joined together

What are examples of Nucleic Acids?

DNA


mRNA


tRNA

Define Nucleotide

The unit which makes up nucleic acids

What does a nucleotide consist of?

Sugar


Phosphate


Organic Nitrogen base unit

Define organic

A large carbon containing polymer molecule

Organic large molecules generally contain what elements?

Carbon


Hydrogen


Oxygen

Define Polymer

A large macromolecule made up of repeating monomer units

What do bases do?

They bind to other bases in a complementary fashion and constitute the coding sequence for all genetic information

What are the four Nitrogen Bases?

Adenine


Thymine


Guanine


Cytosine

Define Base pairing

The pairing of the complementary bases that are found in the nucleotides of DNA molecules

Which complementary bases pair with one another?

Adenine and Thymine


Guanine and Cytosine

Define Deoxyribose Sugar

The 5 carbon sugar that is the component of the nucleotide back bone

What makes up the backbone of a nucleic acid?

Joining deoxyribose sugars and phosphate molecules

Define Phosphate

A component of the DNA molecule back bone

What type of bond does each base pair form?

A weak hydrogen bond

How many bonds are there between Adenine and Thymine?

Two hydrogen bonds (double bond)

How many bonds are there between Guanine and Cytosine?

Three hydrogen bonds (triple bond)

Define DNA replication

The process of which DNA makes another copy of itself

Where is DNA found?

the nucleus of cells

What is DNA made up of?

Repeating nucleotide units containing a sugar, phosphate and nitrogen base forming nucleic acids

How many "rings" does Purine have?

2 rings

Which bases are Purines?

Adenine and Guanine

How many "rings" do pyrimidines have?

1 ring

Which bases are pyrimidines?

Thymine and Cytosine

The backbone of nucleic acids are held together by what type of bonds?

Strong covalent bonds

Define Base

A nitrogen containing chemical that is a component of DNA