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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define Complementary bases |
They are the DNA bases that will bind to each other in a complementary fashion (A-T, G-C) |
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Define Complementary binding |
When the active site of an enzyme and substrate are specific for each other and they bind together |
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Define Complementary strand |
A strand of DNA that is one of the double helix and complements the coding or template strand |
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What does DNA stand for? |
Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid |
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What shape does DNA have? |
A double helix shape |
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Define DNA |
A molecule made up of nucleotides that contain the genetic information for all organisms |
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Define Macromolecules |
The large organic molecules in cells. |
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What do Macromolecules consist of? |
Nucleic acids Proteins Polysaccharides Lipids |
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Define Monomer |
Simple building block molecules that when linked together form a polymer |
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Define Nucleic Acid |
A macromolecule made up of a sequence of nucleotides joined together |
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What are examples of Nucleic Acids? |
DNA mRNA tRNA |
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Define Nucleotide |
The unit which makes up nucleic acids |
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What does a nucleotide consist of? |
Sugar Phosphate Organic Nitrogen base unit |
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Define organic |
A large carbon containing polymer molecule |
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Organic large molecules generally contain what elements? |
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen |
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Define Polymer |
A large macromolecule made up of repeating monomer units |
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What do bases do? |
They bind to other bases in a complementary fashion and constitute the coding sequence for all genetic information |
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What are the four Nitrogen Bases? |
Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine |
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Define Base pairing |
The pairing of the complementary bases that are found in the nucleotides of DNA molecules |
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Which complementary bases pair with one another? |
Adenine and Thymine Guanine and Cytosine |
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Define Deoxyribose Sugar |
The 5 carbon sugar that is the component of the nucleotide back bone |
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What makes up the backbone of a nucleic acid? |
Joining deoxyribose sugars and phosphate molecules |
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Define Phosphate |
A component of the DNA molecule back bone |
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What type of bond does each base pair form? |
A weak hydrogen bond |
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How many bonds are there between Adenine and Thymine? |
Two hydrogen bonds (double bond) |
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How many bonds are there between Guanine and Cytosine? |
Three hydrogen bonds (triple bond) |
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Define DNA replication |
The process of which DNA makes another copy of itself |
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Where is DNA found? |
the nucleus of cells |
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What is DNA made up of? |
Repeating nucleotide units containing a sugar, phosphate and nitrogen base forming nucleic acids |
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How many "rings" does Purine have? |
2 rings |
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Which bases are Purines? |
Adenine and Guanine |
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How many "rings" do pyrimidines have? |
1 ring |
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Which bases are pyrimidines? |
Thymine and Cytosine |
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The backbone of nucleic acids are held together by what type of bonds? |
Strong covalent bonds |
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Define Base |
A nitrogen containing chemical that is a component of DNA |