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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Macromolecules |
A very large molecule made up of smaller molecules thay are linked together |
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Metabolism |
The sum total of chemical reactions that occur in an organism |
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Monosaccharides |
A simple sugar with three to seven carbon atoms |
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Disaccharide |
Sugar made up of two monosaccharides molecules |
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Polysaccharide |
A large molecule made up of many linked monosaccharides molecules |
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Glycogen |
A polysaccharide made up of glucose units |
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Amino acids |
Building blocks of protein |
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Lipids |
An organic compound thay does not dissolve in water |
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Anabolic molecules |
Reactions that build molecules |
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Hydrolysis |
A chemical reaction in which water breaks apart macromolecules into smaller molecules |
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Enzymes |
A protein molecule thay helps speed up important chemical reactions in the body |
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Mechanical digestion |
The physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces in the mouth and by contractions and churning motions in the stomach |
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Chemical digestion |
The chemical breakdown of nutrient molecules into smaller molecules by enzyme action |
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Alimentary canal |
The tube through which food is processed, beginning at the mouth and ending at the anus |
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Salivary glands |
Glands in the mouth that produce saliva to begin chemical digestion of food |
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Saliva |
A watery secretion in the mouth that begins the digestive process |
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Esophagus |
The muscular tube through which food passes from the mouth to stomach |
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Peristalsis |
A wave like series of muscular contractions in the esophagus |
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Esophageal sphincter |
Ring of muscle which controls the entrance of the stomach |
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Gastric juice |
A mixture of hydrochloric acid, salts, enzymes, water, and mucus that is produced by glands in the stomach to help digest food |
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Chyme |
A thick liquid produced in the stomach and made of digested food combined with gastric juice |
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Pyloric sphincter |
Lower end of stomach that closes to keep food in the stomach |
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Pepsin |
An enzyme ib gastric juice that helps break down proteins into polypeptides |
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Biochemistry |
The branch of science concerning the chemical process in living organisms |
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Repiratory system |
The group of organs that provides living things with oxygen from outside the body and disposes if waste products such as carbon dioxide |
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Respiration |
All of the processes involved in bringing oxygen into the body, making it available to each cell; and eliminating carbon dioxide as waste |
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Inspiration |
The action of drawing oxygen rich air into lungs |
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Expiration |
Action of releasing waste air from the lungs |
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Gas exchabfe |
Transfer of oxygen from inhaled air into the blood and of carbon dioxide from the blood to lungs |
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Ventilation |
The process if drawing or pumping an oxygen containing medium over a respiratory surface |
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Tidal volume |
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing |
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Inpiratory reserve volune |
The additional volune of air that can be taken into the lungs beyond a regular inhalation |
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Vital capacity |
The total volune of gas that can be moved into or out of the lungs |
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Residual volume |
Amount of gas that remains in the lungs even after rule exhalation |
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Respiratory tract |
Passageway for air to move from outside the body to the respiratory surface inside the body |
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Turbinate bones |
Thin bones that project into nasal passages and increase the surface area of these chambers |
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Pharynx |
The passageway just behind the mouth that connects the mouth and nasal cavity to the larynx and esophagus |
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Tranchea |
The tube that carries air from the nasal passages or mouth to the bronchi and then to lungs |
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Glottis |
The opening of tranchea through which air enters the larynx |
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Larynx |
Structure between the glottis and tranchea that contains voice cords |
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Bronchi |
The passageway that branches from tranchea to lungs |
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Bronchioles |
The passageway that branches from each bronchi inside the lung into increasing smaller, thin-walled tubes |
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Alveolus |
A tiny sac, with a wall that us one cell thick, found at the end of bronchiole; respiratory gases are exchanged through this sac |
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Hemoglobin |
An ion containing protein found in red blood cells, which bonds to oxygen and transport it from lungs to body |
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Circulatory system |
The system that transports blood, nutrients, and waste around the body |
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Heart |
The muscular organ that pumps blood via the circulatory system to lungs and body |
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Blood vessels |
Hollow tubes that carry blood to and from body tissues |
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Blood |
The bodily fluid in which blood cells are suspended |
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Superior vena cava |
Collects oxygen poor blood from tissue in head; chest, and arms |
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Inferior vena cava |
Collects oxygen poor cloud from other parts of the body |
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Pulmonary arteries |
Large blood vessel that carries blood from heart to lungs |
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Pulmonary veins |
Blood vessel that carries blood from lungs to heart |
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Aorta |
An artery that carries blood directly from heart to other arteries |
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A trio ventricular valves |
A valve in the heart between ventricle and atrium |
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Semi lunar valve |
A valve between ventricle and large arteries |
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Vasodilation |
The widening of blood vessels |
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Vasoconstriction |
The narrowing of blood vessels |
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Sinotrial (SA) node |
The modified heart cells in the right atrium that spontaneously generate the rhythmic signals that cause the atria to contract |
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A trio ventricular (AV) node |
The specialized heart cells near junction of atria and ventricles that cause the ventricles to contract |
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Blood pressure |
The force that blood exerts against the walls of blood vessels |
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Systolic pressure |
Pressure generated in the circulatory system when the ventricles contract and push blood from heart |
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Diastolic pressure |
The pressure generated in the circulatory system when ventricles fill with blood |
