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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Three basic monomer molecules are?
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Aminoacid, Nucleotide & monosaccharide (sugar).
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Three basic simple polymer molecules are?
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Peptide/oligopeptide, oligonucleotide & oligosaccharide.
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Three basic complex polymer molecules are?
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Polypeptide, nucleic acid & polysaccharide (Carbohydrate).
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Describe what a Macromolecule is.
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Polymer constructed by the formation of covalent bonds between monomers.
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What function does a protein have?
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Protection, support & catalysis, transport.
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What does amino-acid consist of?
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Hydroxide group + hydrogen + Aminogroup + side-chain(R) bonded to the α-carbon atom.
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What propeties may the side-chain in amino-acid have?
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It may be charged, polar or hydrophobic.
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What happens during a peptide chain reaction?
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Amino-acids bond together, one amino-acid, the N-terminus give up a O molecule and the C-terminus give up two H molecules.
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Polupeptide chains may fold into four level of protein structures, name them.
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Primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure and quarternary structure.
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Describe what happens in the primary structure of a protein.
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The amino-acids bond together through peptide linkages, this structure determines the structure and function of the protein.
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Describe what happens in the secondary structure of a protein.
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The α-helice and β-pleated sheet is maintained by hydrogen bond atoms between atoms of the amino acid residues.
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Describe what happens in the tertiary structure of a protein
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The polypeptide structure folds and bends to determina structure.
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Describe what happens in the quarternary structure of a protein
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Different polypeptides join together to form single functional proteins.
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What is common for all carbohydrates?
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All carbohydrates contain carbon bonded to hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl groups.
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What are Hexoses?
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Hexoses are six-carbon monosaccharides, e.g Glucose, fructose & galactose. They exist in chains or rings.
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What are Pentoses?
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Pentoses are five-carbon monosaccharides that contain five sugars, e.g deoxyribose and ribose.
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What is a Glycolisic linkage good for?
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It covalently binds monosaccharides into larger units such as disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
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What is a triglyceride?
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Fats and oils.
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What are fats and oils composed of?
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Three fatty-acids covalently bonded to a glycerol by ester linkages.
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What is a triglyceride composed of?
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Three fatty-acids covalently bonded to a glycerol by ester linkages.
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What are saturated fatty acids composed of?
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A hydrocarbon chain with no double bond.
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What is nucleic acid composed of?
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Nucleotides.
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What is a nucleotide composed of?
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A phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose or ribose) and a nitrogen-containing base (A,T,G,C,U).
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Name pyrimides.
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Cytosine, thymine & uracil.
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Name purines.
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Adenine & guanine.
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