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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Lipids are distinguished from other substances mainly because they are |
Insoluble in water |
Cannot dissolve |
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Two basic types of Lipids found in food |
Solid lipids are called fats and Liquid lipids are called oils |
Fats and oils |
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Three types of "fats" commonly found in food are |
Triglycerides Phospholipids Sterols |
TPS |
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Triglyceride is |
A molecule consisting of three fatty acids attached to a three carbon glycerol backbone |
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What is SFA |
Saturated Fatty Acids: No double bonds between carbons Are found in coconut oil, palm kernel oil, butter cream, whole milk and beef |
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What is MUFA |
Monosaturated Fatty Acid: One double bond Is found in olive oul, canola oil, cashew nuts |
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What is PUFA |
Polysaturated Fatty Acid : Two or more double bonds Are found in cottonseed, canola corn and safflower oils |
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What causes the loss of 2 hydrogen atoms |
Each double bond |
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Which fats are converted to Trans Fatty Acids |
Trans Fat |
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What does "Trans" fat mean |
Trans is a prefix that denotes across or opposite of the chain IMPORTANT Cis- means same side of the carbon chain Trans- means opposite side of the carbon chain |
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Describe the Hydrogenation process |
It is the pressurized hydrogen molecule that are inserted at diagonally opposite sides of the double bonds |
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Why would they do this |
Allowed cheaper fats to be stored in solid form. "Resisting rancity" |
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What is a Phospholipid |
A type of lipid in which a fatty acid is combined with another compound that contains phosphate |
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What benefit does a phosphate group give to a lipid |
The phosphate compound makes phospholipids soluble in water |
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Where in the body are phospholipids' properties useful |
Liver |
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What are sterols |
Lipids containing 4 fused rings of carbon atoms |
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In what two ways do our bodies get the cholesterol it needs |
From food such as butter, egg yolk, whole milk, meats and poultry. Our body continually synthesizes it in the liver and intestines |
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Cholesterol is used to make sex hormones such as |
Estrogen, Androgen and Progesterone |
EAP |
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What vitamin is formed when UV sunlight reacts with cholesterol molecules that have "risen" near the surface of the skin |
Vitamin D |
The vitamin that you receive from sunlight |
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Dietary fat provides what |
Energy |
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Fats provide how many kcals of energy per gram |
9 kcals |
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One tablespoon of butter contains how many calories |
100 calories |
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One slice of bread contains how many calories |
100 calories |
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Approximately how much energy is used at rest by muscles and organs, which comes from fat |
30-70% |
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When losing weight, energy will come from what during rest |
Fat |
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When gaining weight, more energy will come from what two things when at rest |
Dietary Protein and Carbs |
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Fats will be stored in what tissue |
Adipose |
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During exercise, fat can be mobilized from what four things |
Muscle tissue Adipose tissue Blood lipids and Dietary Protein |
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At the start of physical activity, glucose/glycogen (carbs) account for how many of the energy burned and how many comes from triglycerides |
50% of the energy burned and 50% comes from triglycerides |
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After 4 hours of physical activity, glucose/glycogen (carbs) account for how many energy burned and how many comes from triglycerides |
40% of the energy burned and 60% comes from triglycerides |
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How many days of stored carbs do our bodies typically contain |
1 to 2 days |
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What tissue are fat stored in |
Adipose tissue and muscle |
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What are the 4 benefits of fats |
Necessary to keep body going Essential for good health Used during exercise to fuel working muscles Also stores triglycerides |
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What are the three possible fates for fatty acids in the body |
Cells can take them up immediately for use as a source of energy Cells can use them to make lipid containing compounds needed by the body If the body doesn't need the fatty acids for immediate energy, muscle and adipose cells can re-create the triglycerides and store them for later use |
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Since the primary source for extra energy is adipose tissue when physically active, what is the primary storage site |
Muscle Cells So the next time you work out, the fat is readily available to the cells for energy |
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The ADMR for fat is how much |
20-30% of total energy |
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Within this range, it is recommended that we limit what |
Saturated and Trans fatty acids as much as possible |
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Athletes are recommended to eat about how much of their energy from fats and how much energy from carbs and how much energy from protein |
20-25% of their energy from fats 55-60% of their energy from carbs and 12-15% of their energy from protein |
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What is "Visible" fats |
Visible fats are fats that are clearly present and visible in our food or visibly added to food. Examples include: butter, margarine, cream, salad dressing, chicken skin etc |
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What is "Hidden" fats |
Hidden fats are fats that are not apparent or "hidden" in foods Examples include: baked goods, hot dogs, chips, muffins etc |
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