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12 Cards in this Set

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2 mechanisms of immunologic tolerance
1. central: clonal deletion of self-reactive lymphocytes in thymus (T) and bone marrow (B)

2. peripheral: remove self reactive T cells that escape central tolerance check
Role of AIRE in central immunologic tolerance
--promotes expression of self proteins by thymic epithelial cells
--allows ID of self-reactive T cells and their clonal elimination
4 mechanisms of peripheral immunologic tolerance
1. clonal deletion through apoptosis

2. Ag sequestered in immune privileged sites

3. clonal anergy- NL tissues don't express T cell co-stim molecules

4. Tregs suppress autoimmunity
2 results of susceptibility gene defects leading to autoimmunity
1. failed apoptosis of self-reactive cells (no Fas-FasL)

2. failure of T cell-mediated suppression
4 ways infections can lead to autoimmunity
1. molecular mimicry

2. activation of polyclonal lymphos

3. release of NLly sequestered Ags

4. exposure of cryptic self & epitope spreading
5 triggering factors in SLE
1. UVB light
2. sex hormones (estrogen)
3. dietary factors
4. infectious agents
5. drug exposure
For the serologic markers of SLE, list their general predictive value:
1. ANA
2. anti-dsDNA
3. anti-Sm
4. anti-histone
1. sensitive, not specific

2. specific, poor prognosis

3. specific, poor prognosis

4. drug-induced SLE
In SLE:
1. complement levels
2. effect on coagulation
3. CBC findings
1. decreased

2. circulating anticoags can increase PTT

3. Abs can cause cytopenias of RBC/WBC/platelets
11 common signs/sxs of SLE*
I-gs (anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm)
M-alar rash
D-iscoid rash
M-ucositis (oropharyngeal ulcers)
N-eurologic dss
S-erositis (pleura, pericardium)
H-ematologic dss
A-rthritis
R-enal dss
P-hotosensitivity
I'M DAMN SHARP
General dss in scleroderma
multisystem inflammatory, vascular, & fibrotic changes in skin & viscera
2 major types of scleroderma
1. Diffuse: widespread skin involvement, early visceral involvement

2. CREST: more benign, limited skin involvement
(calcinosis, Raynaud's, Esophageal dysmotility, Sclerodactyly, Telangiectasia)
2 Abs assoc'd w/ the classes of scleroderma
1. diffuse = anti-Scl-70 Ab

2. CREST = anti-centromere Ab