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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 factors that can affect urine specific gravity
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1. glucose
2. protein 3. contrast media |
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Importance of:
1. alkaline urine pH (2) 2. acidic urine pH (1) |
1. increased salicylate excretion, phosphate & calcium stones
2. cystine & uric acid stones |
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3 types of persistent proteinuria
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1. overflow: prox tubule overwhelmed from overproduction of protein
2. tubular: tubulointerstitial damage allows smaller proteins to get through 3. glomerular: increased filtration of macromolecules |
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RBC urine casts are found in what 3 dss?
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1. glomerulonephritis
2. ischemia 3. malignant HTN |
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WBC urine casts are found in what 3 dss?
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1. tubulointerstitial inflam
2. acute pyelonephritis 3. transplant rejection |
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Granular (muddy brown) urine casts are indicative of what kidney dss?
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acute tubular necrosis
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Waxy urine casts are found in what type of renal ds?
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chronic renal failure
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4 general causes of BUN:Cr > 10:1
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1. decreased perfusion
2. increased urea load 3. obstruction 4. decreased muscle mass |
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1. Relationship b/t plasma Cr & GFR
2. Relationship only holds in what situation? |
1. inversely proportional
2. kidneys in a steady state fxn |
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Cockroft-Gault formula for CrCl
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(140 - age) x weight
___________ 72 x SCr * x 0.85 if female |
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MDRD equation for estimating GFR
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186 x (SCr)^-1.154 x (age)^-0.203
* x .742 if female ** x 1.21 if AA |
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1. What is cystatin C?
2. What happens to it in kidney? 3. Compare to serum creatinine in estimating GFR |
1. protein produced by nucleated cells
2. filtered & metabolized in tubules 3. cystatin C levels do not change by diet, serum levels rise w/ smaller drop in GFR than SCr |
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How do you calculate fractional excretion of Na (FeNa)?
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UNa x PCr
__________ PNa x UCr |
