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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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MECKEL'S DIVERTICULUM
- what are the five 2's ? |
(2 Feet PIPE)
- 2 feet from ileocecal valve - 2% of population - 2 inches long - Presents commonly in first 2 years of life - may have 2 types of epithelia |
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CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS
- Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis etiology - Clinical Symptom - Clinical Sign |
- Thickening of pylorus musculature
- PROJECTILE VOMITING - "Olive" knot palpable in pyloric region |
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CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS
- Extrahepatic Biliary Atresia etiology - clinical features x4 |
- Incomplete Recanalization of Bile Duct during development
- Presents shortly after birth - Jaundice - Dark urine - Clay-colored stool |
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CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS
- Annular pancreas etiology - clinical features |
- Abnormal fusion of Ventral & Dorsal pancreatic buds
thus Forming Constricting Ring around Duodenum - Duodenal obstruction (shortly after birth) |
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CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS
- Meckel Diverticulum etiology - clinical features x3 |
- Persistent remnant of Vitelline duct
- Outpouching formed in ileum - Ulceration & Bleeding - Two type of tissue in 50% (gastric and/or pancreatic) |
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CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS
- Malrotation of the Midgut etiology - clinical features |
- Normal 270 degrees rotation is NOT completed
- Cecum lies in upper abdomen - Appendix lies in upper abdomen - Volvulus causing obstruction |
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CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS
- Intestinal Stenosis or Atresia etiology - clinical features |
- Failure of Normal Recanalization of the lumen
- Failure to thrive |
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CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS
- Hirschsprung Disease etioogy - Clinical features x3 |
- Failure of NC cells to migrate to colon
- NO peristalsis - BOWEL MOVEMENTS PRECIPITATED BY DRE - Constipation & Abd distension in newborns. |
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CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS
- Anal agenesis etiology - clinical features x3 |
- Lack of Anal opening
(due to improper formation of urorectal septum) (May cause) - Rectovesicual fistula - Rectovaginal fistula - Rectourethral fistula |
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- histological features of Acute Viral Hepatitis. x6 |
(AB HPLC)
- Acidophilic bodies - Ballooning degeneration - Hepatocyte necrosis - Predominantly Lobular inflammation - Lobular disarray - Cholestasis rosettes |
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- histological features of Chronic Hepatitis. x5 - which feature determines Stage? - which feature determines Grade? |
(PPP NF)
- Portal inflammation - Parenchymal inflammation - Placemeal necrosis (interface hepatitis) - Necrosis - Fibrosis - Fibrosis determines Stage - remainder determines Grade (inflammation & necrosis) |
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- Ground Glass appearance is associated with what? |
- Chronic Hepatitis associated with HBV
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- describe Placemeal Necrosis - what condition is it associated with? |
- inflammation at the hepatocytes limiting plate
- Chronic Hepatitis |
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- which Hepatitis (acute or chronic) is predominantly lobular for inflammation? |
- Acute Viral Hepatitis
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- Dane's particle is what? - associated with what? |
- Complete Viroid
(outer envelope - HBsAg) (dna core - HBcAg) (dna dependent polymerase) - Hepatitis B virus |
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- what antigen of hepatitis is associated with infectivity? |
- HBeAg
(of HBV) |
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- only Hepatitis with DNA virus? - only Hepatitis with incomplete virus? |
- HBV
- HEV |
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- which hepatitis virus can NOT replicate by itself? - thus requires? - implies what 2 possible infections? |
- HDV
- requires HBV (thus) - Superinfection (HDV infection after HBV infection) - Co-infection (HDV & HBV simultaneous infection) |
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- which Hepatitis is fatal during pregnancy? |
- Hep E
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- which 3 Hepatitis can have chronicity? - which has the highest increase in risk? |
- HBV (10%)
- HCV (50%) - HDV (10%) |
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- which hepatitis do we have vaccines for? |
- HAV
- HBV |
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- which hepatitis can you get perinatal transmission? - which hepatitis is associated with fatality during pregnancy? - which hepatitis has a high mortality for elderly? |
- HBV
- HEV - HAV |
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- which hepatitis has Age as a severity risk factor? |
- HAV
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- AST & ALT elevation with Jaundice is characteristic of which hepatitis? |
- HBV
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- symptoms of HAV similar to? - symptoms of HBV similar to? |
- HEV
(usually asymptomatic, or mild and self limiting with no chronicity) - HDV (possible complications of HCC, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, with AST & ALT elevation with Jaundice) |
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- Reye's syndrome can have what effect on liver? |
- Steatosis (fatty liver)
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- Mallory bodies are what? - Mallory bodies are seen in what condition? |
- Hyaline inclusions
- SteatoHepatitis |
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- what Autoimmune Liver Dz has Antibodies to Mitochondria? - what Autoimmune Liver Dz is Negative for Antibodies to Mitochondria, but is positive for ANA, SMA, & liver/kidney microsome Ab's. |
- Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
- Autoimmune Hepatitis |
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- Nutmeg appearance is seen in? |
- Chronic Passive Congestion
(subtype of one of the Vascular distrubances of the liver) |
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- "Bronze Diabetes" associated with what Dz? - what does "Bronze Diabetes" refer to? |
- Hereditary Hemochromatosis
Combo of: - Increased skin pigmentation - DM |
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- Glycogen Storage Dz has accumulation where? - Lysosomal Storage Dz has accumulation where? |
- inside Hepatocytes
- inside Kuppfer cells |
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- Hereditary Hemochromatosis has iron accumulation where? - Secondary Iron Overload has iron accuulation where? |
- inside Hepatocytes
- inside Kuppfer cells |
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- AR defect in iron absorption with accumulation of iron in multiple organs (Liver, Heart, Pancreas) - chromosome location? |
- Hereditary Hemochromatosis
- Chr. 6 (HLA A3 in 70% of patients) |
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- list 2 diseases associated with UNConjugated bilirubin for Hereditary Hyperbilirubinemia - list 2 diseases associated with CONJUGATED Bilirubin for Hereditary Hyperbilirubinemia |
- Gilbert
- Crigler-Najjar Syndrome - Dubin-Johnson - Rotor |
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- Hereditary Hyperbilirubinemia associated with a Familial Heterogenous disorder |
- Inherited Cholestatic Disorder
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- in Cirrhosis, the liver is usually NOT enlarged. In what Dz, would you see an enlarged cirrhotic liver? |
- Hereditary Hemochromatosis
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- what benign liver neoplasm Lacks Portal Tracts? |
- Liver adenoma
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- what benign liver neoplasm shows Central Scar lesion with Prominent Vascular Channels? |
- Focal Nodular Hyperplasia
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- what benign liver neoplasm is associated with oral contraceptives? |
- Liver adenoma
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- what benign liver neoplasm is commonly located Subcapsular? |
- Liver adenoma
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- what benign liver neoplasm has a tendency to rupture and bleed into peritoneum? |
- Liver adenoma
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- MC liver malignant neoplasm? |
- Secondary Metastasis
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- which HCC subtype is NOT associated with cirrhosis (unlike other HCC subtypes)? |
- Fibrolamellar subtype of HCC
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- HCC has a direct causal relationship with what liver dz? |
- HBV
- HCV |
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- histological changes seen with the Fibrolamellar subtype of HCC? x4 |
(FILE)
- Fibrosis - Intravascular invasion - Large hepatocytes - Eosinophilic hepatocytes |
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- histological changes in Liver metastasis? x3 |
- Central necrosis
- Lack of cirrhosis - Multiple nodules |
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LIVER PATHOLOGY
- what benign neoplasm is not associated with cirrhosis? - what malignant neoplasm is not associated with cirrhosis? |
- Fibrolamellar subtype HCC
- Liver metastasis |
