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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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EPIDEMIOLOGY BASICS
- defined as Study of ... what? x3 |
(FCP)
- Factors deterimining Freq. & Dist. of health issues - Causes of those health issues - Prevention and control |
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EPIDEMIOLOGY BASICS
- define Outbreak |
- Occurence of MORE CASES than expected of a group of people
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EPIDEMIOLOGY BASICS
- Epidemic defined - Pandemic defined |
- Occurence of MORE CASES than expected on a large scale
(outbreak on a large scale) - outbreak on a worldwide scale |
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EPIDEMIOLOGY BASICS
- Pandemic occurs in a population usually with? - Pandemic is exacerbated with x3 |
- NO immunity
(UGO) - Urbanization - Global transport - Overcrowded places |
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EPIDEMIOLOGY BASICS
- 3 basic components of epidemiology |
(GPS)
- Geographic extent of problem - Pattern/cluster providing etiological clues - Spot maps |
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EPIDEMIOLOGY BASICS
- components of Prevention Medicine*** x3 |
(SRP)
- Source (eliminate risk factors) - Routes (barriers) - Population (age, race gender) |
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EPIDEMIOLOGY BASICS
- Descriptive Epidemiology example is based on? x2 - which has what factor components. x3 |
- Frequency
- Distribution - Place - Population - Time |
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EPIDEMIOLOGY BASICS
- Descriptive Epidemiology functions x4 |
(DMD Risks)
- Data collection & summation - Measurement of Incidence & Prevalence - Distribution determination - Examination of determinant or Risk factors |
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DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY
- Data collection & summation methods x4 |
(4 C's)
- Cross sectional (survey) - Case control - Cohort study - Clinical trials |
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DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY
- Prevalence equation |
Total number of cases (new+old) over period
divided by Population @ midpoint o |
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DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY
- Incidence equation |
Number of New cases in a PERIOD
divided by Population at Risk AT that time |
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DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY
- Determination of Dz DISTRIBUTION components x3 |
(GTP)
- Geographic variation - Temporal variation - Population (race, age, gender) |
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DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY
- Identify Dz Determinant (risk factors) x6 |
- Physical (radiation, ....)
- Chemical - Biological (virus...) - Genetics - High Fat diet (prostate) - Smoking |
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DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY
- explanation of results should be made if what is noted on the data? |
- Odds Ratio (OR)
(must be lot greater than 1) |
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DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY
- If there is observed association (eg - OR=2.14), then it could be due to what? x4 |
- Chance, Random Type I error
- Bias, systemic error - True, but association is real (Apparent Effect --> Cause) - True, and association is indeed CAUSAL (Cause --> Effect) |
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DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY
- If there is NO observed association (eg - OR=1), then it could be due to what? x3 |
- Chance, Random Type II error
- Bias, Systemic error - True, there really is no causal relationship |
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DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY
- what is Random Type I error? - what is Random Type II error? |
- Association found, when there really isn't one
- No association found, but there really is one |
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DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY
- How to reduce measurement error (for study design) x7 |
(W COBRAS)
- Written protocol / operations manual - Control checks with Quality - Objective measurements - Blinding - Repeated measures - Automation - Standardization & Training |
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DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY
Role of Researcher Intervention - in Observational study designs - in Interventional study designs |
- Passive (no control, no effect)
- Controls the Intervention (intervention can be anything) |
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DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY
- "Classic Epidemiology" under which type of study design? - components of "Classic Epidemiology" x3 |
- Observational
- Cross-Sectional (survey) - Case-Control - Cohort / Longitudinal |
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DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY
- which study design does the researcher directly affect the outcome? - what are the possible types of outcomes? x3 |
- Interventional Study
(DRO) - DFS - Responses - OS |
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DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY
- Cross-Sectional studies, Case-control studies, and Cohort-longitudinal studies are all part of what study design? |
- Observational
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