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47 Cards in this Set
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- 3rd side (hint)
Treponema Pallidum:
- size - LPS? - growth limitation - replication rate - disease |
Very slender
Doesn't have one Cannot in cell-free culture Very slow Syphilis |
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Can you view a T. pallidum on a gram stain?
If not, what can you view it on? |
No. too thin for that.
Must use darkfield microscopy |
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T. pallidum is sensitive to what? x3
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Drying
Disinfectants PCN |
TP is sensitive to those who have been Double Dildo Penetrated
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What is the most general, common method of transmission?
How effect is this transmission? |
Direct mucosal contact with primary/secondary lesion.
1/3 results in transmission |
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Primary lesions can occur where?
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Oral or rectal mucosa
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What type of tissues do Syphilis transmit through? x3
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1. Intact mucosa
2. Damaged epithelium 3. Placental |
PID
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Primary syphilis:
- incubation period - symptomatic initial formation - pain location - time to heal |
10-90 days
Chancre formation Painless regional adenopathy 4-6 weeks |
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What is a "hard chancre?"
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Lesion that is:
Raised Regular border Hard base Ulceration Painless Highly infectious |
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Primary spread:
- spreading chronology |
Local penetration of mucous membrane,
Spread to local lymph nodes Blood stream |
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Primary syphilis virulence factors and their functions. x3
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1. Outer membrane - adherence to host
2. Hyaluronidase - penetration of tissue by "ungluing" connective tissue 3. Fibronectin coating - inhibits phagocytosis |
HO Fibin' is dangerous
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What type of toxins are associated with T. Pallidum?
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No toxins involved
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Secondary Syphilis symptoms x3
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- CNS involvement
- Rash to palm and soles - Condylomata lata |
CRC
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Secondary Syphilis:
- titers |
High titers of treponemal/nontreponemal antibodies present
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Latency Stage of Syphilis:
- symptoms - period length - transmission probability |
Asymptomatic
Variable length No sexual transmission Fetal transmission possible |
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Tertiary Syphilis:
- occurs when? - transmission probability - symptoms x2 - prognosis |
Months or years after infection
Not infectious Gummas CNS involvement (HA, fever, stiff neck, dementia, and possible paralysis) CNS involvement may be fatal or cause permanent disability. |
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Gummas:
- describe - locations - prognosis |
Soft granulomatous masses with central necrosis.....that can become a widespread tissue destruction.
Skin, bones, joints, heart, CNS..... Rarely heal spontaneously |
"Granule mat" dragging
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Congenital Syphilis
- transmission? - prevention? - prognosis? |
Transplacental transmission can occur anytime
Can be prevented by antibiotic treatment Most die in utero |
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What happens to surviving infants of congenital syphilis? x8
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Symptoms of secondary and tertiary syphilis.
"Snuffles" Severe rash with desquamation Tooth/bone malformation Mental retardation Blindness Abnormalities of CNS Deafness |
SSS
Mr. T BAD |
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Give three examples of bone/tooth malformation seen as a result of congenital syphilis.
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1. Saber shins
2. Saddle nose 3. Tooth malformations |
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Natural infection affects immunity how?
Treatment with Ab affects immunity how? |
Leads to long-lasting immunity
Shortens immunity |
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What type of antibodies arise during infection?
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Treponemal antibodies
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Nontreponemal antibodies target what?
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Host cardiolipin
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List the two Non-treponemal tests.
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VDRL test
(Venereal Disease Research Lab) and RPR Test (Rapid Plasma Reagin) |
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What are the advantages of Non-trepenomal tests? x3
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Fast
Easy to perform Reverts to negative 6-18 months after successful treatment. |
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What are the disadvantages of Non-trepenomal tests?
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Prone to false positives
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What are the limitations of using Darkfield microscopy for diagnosis?
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Only useful on genital lesions if done immediately.
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List two Trepenomal tests of serology.
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FTA-ABS Test
TPHA test |
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FTA-ABS
- composed of what? |
Killed T. pallidum
Serum (preabsorbed with Reiter spirochetes) Flourescent antihuman gamma globulin |
"Ser" Reiter
Killed FAGGs |
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FTA-ABS
- advantage x2 - disadvantage x2 |
High specificity/sensitivity
Becomes positive early in infection Requires whole T.pallidum Costly - thus not useful for monitoring therapy |
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T. Pallidum Hemagglutination (TPHA)
- advantages x2 - disadvantages x2 |
High specificity/sensitivity
Becomes positive early in infection (but not positive quite as early as FTA-ABS) Requires whole T. Pallidum Costful (not useful for monitoring therapy) |
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Nontreponemal tests:
- reasons for false positive x4 |
Pregnancy
Acute febrile illness Recent immunization Autoimmune disease |
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Treponemal tests:
- reasons for false positives x3 |
Pregnancy
Elevated immunoglobulins Autoimmune disease |
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In serology tests, how can false positives be resolved?
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Wester blot assay
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Syphilis:
- Drug of choice - Alternative drugs x2 - Contraindications x2 - Vaccine |
PCN
Tetracycline/Doxycycline Tetracycline/Doxycycline contraindicated for pregnant women, and not effective for neurosyphilis None |
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What is the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction?
Symptoms? Cause? |
Worsening of conditions following antibiotic treatment.
Symptoms include fever, HA, malaise. Due to lysis of organisms. |
Consequence of buying a cure in a JAR
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Bejel disease is caused by what organism?
What is the disease also known as? |
Treponema endemicum
Endemic syphilis |
BJ
"And-a-me-cum" (endemicum) "SIPpin and gettin' HI on LISterine" (SYPHILIS) |
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Bejel's disease:
- spread how? - symptoms? - affects what population group? |
Contaminated eating utensils
Lesions begin in mouth and spread to trunk and legs. Inflammation of leg bone common. Gummas of nose and soft palate develop later. Children |
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Yaws disease is caused by what organism?
What is this disease also known as? |
Treponema pertenue
Frambesia |
Ten yawns "per ten ewes"
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Yaws disease:
- spread by? x2 - affects what organ systems x2 - symptoms x2 |
Contact with lesions
Contact with eye gnats Skin and bones Raspberry-like growth on skin (may exude watery, infectious fluid) Subcutaneous growths may occur later and cause deformtiy. |
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What is the organism that causes Pinta disease?
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Treponema Carateum
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Pinta disease:
- spread by - systems affected - symptoms |
Contact with lesions
Skin only Initially raised papules, followed by flat, reddened areas, changes in skin pigmentation (blue or depigmentation) |
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Syphilis:
- Drug of choice - Alternative drugs x2 - Contraindications x2 - Vaccine |
PCN
Tetracycline/Doxycycline Tetracycline/Doxycycline contraindicated for pregnant women, and not effective for neurosyphilis None |
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What is the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction?
Symptoms? Cause? |
Worsening of conditions following antibiotic treatment.
Symptoms include fever, HA, malaise. Due to lysis of organisms. |
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Bejel disease is caused by what organism?
What is the disease also known as? |
Treponema endemicum
Endemic syphilis |
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Bejel's disease:
- spread how? - symptoms? - affects what population group? |
Contaminated eating utensils
Lesions begin in mouth and spread to trunk and legs. Inflammation of leg bone common. Gummas of nose and soft palate develop later. Children |
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Yaws disease is caused by what organism?
What is this disease also known as? |
Treponema pertenue
Frambesia |
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Is there a vaccine for Treponema species?
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Yes, but requires 60 injections so impractical.
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