M2-C3-L12 --> Inflammation In Infectious Diseases

Front 1

During inflammation, what are two property changes that we see with blood vessels?

Back 1

1. Increased permeability

2. Extravasation

Front 2

Increased Permeability of Vessels:

- Purpose
- Mechanism

Back 2

Isolate foreign substances from further tissue contact

Macrophages & Complements
detects infection and induces mediators of dilation/permeability

Front 3

Extravasation:

- Purpose
- Mechanism
- Timing

Back 3

Attracts macrophages

Cytokines & Complements will alter the the properties of vascular ENDOTHELIUM which will cause circulating leukocytes to stick to vascular wall and migrate toward chemokines.

Neutrophils are present early and in large numbers

Macrophages/monocytes present a bit later but in small numbers.

Front 4

Direct activation of macrophages:

- occurs from where
- via? x3

Back 4

Surface of macrophage

Mannose receptor
Scavenger receptor
Toll-like Receptor

Front 5

Indirect activation of macrophages:

- occurs from where
- via? x2

Back 5

Secreted proteins

Mannan-binding Lectin
C1q

Front 6

Toll-like receptors (TLR) recognize what?

Back 6

Structurally conserved molecules of microbes.

Front 7

In the activation of macrophages, ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION PATTERNS result in what? x2

Back 7

Induction of phagocytosis

Secretion of cytokines and lipid mediators that INDUCE inflammatory response

Front 8

Gamma interferons can activate what?

Where are they secreted from? x3

Back 8

Macrophages

CD4 T-cells
CD8 T-cells
NK cells

Front 9

Define phagosomes

Back 9

Ingested vesicle of macrophages that contain engulfed particles.

Front 10

What happens to the DIGESTED productus in the macrophages? x2

Back 10

Exocytosed out

or

Interacts with MHC II, and presented to CD4 T-cells

Front 11

Activation of Complement Cascade:

- what happens
- purpose x2

Back 11

Precursor proteins become active enzymes

Allows small amount to AMPLIFY with each successive reaction

LOCALIZED reaction despite complement precursors all over body.

Front 12

Function of Complement Cascade. x3

Back 12

Osponization

Chemoattraction

Killing

Front 13

The three complement cascade pathways all make what important protein?

Back 13

C3 convertase

Front 14

All complementary cascade events occur where?

Back 14

On the SURFACE

Front 15

What is the key protein for the complement cascade that is important for OPSONIZATION?

What does this protein do?

Back 15

C3b

Binds to surface of pathogen

Front 16

In the complement cascade pathway, what is the key protein that induces inflammatory response?

Back 16

C5a

Front 17

How can the complement cascade cause anaphylactic shock?

Back 17

Overabundance of C5a

Front 18

What are the four events associated with the induction of the inflammatory response?

Back 18

1. Complement Cascade
2. Alteration of Vascular permeability and adhesion
3. Neutrophil recruitment
4. Induction of Proinflammatory cytokines

Front 19

List four small,soluble products that act on endothelial cells to increase permeability and increase adhesion.

Back 19

1. C5a
2. TNF-alpha
3. Chemokines
4. Histamines

Front 20

What binds neutrophils in the endothelial tissue?

Back 20

Selectin

Front 21

Which chemokine activates Neutrophils?

Back 21

IL-8

Front 22

Which chemokine activates Monocytes?

Back 22

MCP-1

Front 23

Neutrophils are usually abundant where?

Back 23

Blood

Front 24

Describe the location and time when you would see a PEAK of neutrophils.

Back 24

6 hours after induction of inflammatory process at the infected tissue (not blood)

Front 25

Proinflammatory cytokines are produced by what?

List them

Back 25

Macrophages

IL-1
IL-6
TNF-alpha

Front 26

Acute phase proteins

- induced how
- from where
- does what
- when is it lethal

Back 26

by macrophages (systemic effect)

Liver

acts like broad spectrum antibody

High levels seen during septic shock -> could be lethal

Front 27

Inflammatory Immune response influences what other immune response?

Back 27

Adaptive immune response

Front 28

Describe what happens during the adaptive immune response.

Back 28

Inactivated dendritic cells will ingest pathogen -> ACTIVATION

Once activated, will migrate to Lymphoid tissue.

There, a mature dendritic cell will present an antigen to T-cells and B-cells -> Induction of Adaptive Immune Response.