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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Terminal half-life of THC
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Varies from 1-4 days
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Elimination of THC from systems for non-chronic users.
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Up to 5 weeks
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Elimination of THC from system for chronic users.
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Up to 80 days
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List the four endogenous cannabinoids.
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1. Anandamide (AEA)
2. 2-Arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) 3. 2-Arachidonoyl glycerol ether 4. Virodhamine |
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Most endogenous cannabinoids are what kind of receptor affector?
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Agonists
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Endocannabinoids as Neuromodulators acting as a negative or reverse feedback signaling molecule:
- triggering stimulus? - does what to what receptor? - results? x2 |
Increase in postsynaptic neuronal Calcium levels
Activates presynaptic CB1 receptors Inhibition of calcium channels Decrease in NT release |
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List brain regions with HIGH abundancy of receptors. x5
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1. Cerebellum
2. Basal Ganglia 3. Cerebral Cortex 4. Hippocampus 5. Nucleus accumbens |
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Discuss the receptor levels of cannabinoids in the amygdala and hypothalamus.
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Both intermediate levels
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Discuss the receptor levels of cannabinoids in the thalamus.
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Low levels.
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Both CB1 and CB2 receptors
- coupled though what proteins? - Negatively coupled to? - Positively couple to? |
Gi/o proteins
Adenylate cyclase MAP kinase |
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CB1 receptors are coupled with Gi/o proteins to what?
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Ion channels
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CB1 receptors act through Gs proteins to do what?
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Activate adenylate cyclase
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CB1 receptors are usually found where? and what do they do?
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Nerve terminals
Modulate NT |
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Non-CNS effects of MJ:
- Heart rate - BP - Respiratory - Male endocrine - Female endocrine |
Tachycardia
Orthostatic Hypotension Bronchodilation Decreased testosterone, testicular weight, spermatogenesis Decreased LH, FSH, prolactin, growth hormone, and ACTH |
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Our immune system has what type of cannabinoid receptor?
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CB2
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Tolerance is based on what activity?
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Adenylyl cyclase activity
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Therapeutic uses for MJ. x4
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Multiple Sclerosis
Analgesia Weight control Emesis and nausea |
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Up and cumming uses of MJ. x2
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Neuroprotection
Autoimmune diseases |
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What is the main reason why antiemetic use of MJ is often unused?
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Immunosuppressive effects via CB2
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What is the pathway involved in the use of MJ for food intake?
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Mesolimbic reward pathway.
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Traditional hallucinogens (psychedelics)
- character x2 - examples x3 - what does it NOT do? |
Perceptual distortion
Introspection LSD Mescaline Psilocybin Memory problems Psychosis |
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Entactogen
- character x2 - example |
Hallucinogen
Stimulant MDMA (ecstasy) |
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Dissociative Agents
- examples x2 |
Ketamine
PCP |
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LSD
- Mechanism - Physical effects x7 - Duration of effects - Overdose potential? - Tolerance potential? |
5-HT postsynaptic agonist
Hypertension Hyperthermia Tachycardia Mydriasis Dry Mouth Appetite loss Tremors 8-12 hours Low to NO overdose potential Rapid tolerance build up |
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LSD Treatment:
- For acute bad trips - For persistent adverse reaction |
Benzodiazepines & Barbituates
Neuroleptics |
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Mescaline (Peyote):
- mechanism x2 - physiological effects - psychic effects - adverse effects x2 |
Serotonin agonist
Dopamine agonist Sympathomimetic Similar, but milder than LSD Paranoia and fear |
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Psilocybin:
- what is it? - mechanism - physiological effects - psychic effects - adverse effects x3 |
Active ingredient in mushrooms
Serotonin agonist Sympathomimetic Similar, but milder than LSD Flashbacks Agitation Panic Attacks |
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MDMA (ecstasy):
- mechanism - physiological effects x2 - psychic effects x2 - physical effects - adverse effects x4 - chronic effects x3 |
Increases (mainly) serotonin, dopamine and NE release
Energizing Sympathomimetic Distortions in time & space Enhanced enjoyment from tactile experiences Hyperthermia Sleep problems Confusion Anxiety Depression Cognitive impairment Memory impairment Neurotoxicity |
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Phencyclidine (PCP or Angel dust)
- mechanism x3 - overdose? - psychic effects x4 |
Sigma receptor agonist
NMDA receptor antagonist NE & Dopamine reuptake inhibitor High potential Psychosis Hallucinations Paranoia Disordered thinking |
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PCP:
- low dosages x3 - high dosages x7 |
Sympathomimetic
Numbness Loss of coordination Low BP Low Pulse Low Respiration Nausea/Vomiting Blurred vision Dizziness Drooling |
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Give two examples of anticholinergic drugs
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Scopolamine
Datura (Jimson weed) |
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What are the symptoms of anticholinergic drugs? x7
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Mydriasis
Delirium / Hallucination Flushing Hyperthermia Dry mouth/skin Ileus / Urinary retention Tachycardia / BP fluctuation |
