M2-C2-L43 --> Hypothalamus

Front 1

List the three regions of the medial hypothalamus zone.

Back 1

1. Suproptic
2. Mammilary
3. Tuberal (infundibular)

Front 2

List the nuclei of the supraoptic region.

Back 2

Paraventricular
Anterior
Suprachiasmatic
Supraoptic

Front 3

Function of Paraventricular nu.

Back 3

Salt/water balance

Stress response

Front 4

Function of Anterior nu.

Back 4

Parasympathetic

Body temperature regulation

Front 5

Function of Supraoptic nu.

Back 5

Salt/water balance

Smooth muscle contraction

Front 6

Function of Suprachiasmatic nu.

Back 6

Controls circadian rhythms.

Front 7

Function of Dorsomedial nu.

Back 7

Sham Rage

Front 8

Function of Ventromedial nu.

Back 8

Satiety Center (inhibition of hunger)

Front 9

Function of Arcuate nu.

Back 9

Appetite & Energy balance

Front 10

Function of Lateral Zone nu.

Back 10

Hunger Feeding Center

Wakefulness

Front 11

Function of Mammillary nu.

Back 11

Part of Papez circuit

Front 12

Function of Posterior nu.

Back 12

Heat production/conservation

Sympathetic

Front 13

List the nuclei of the Tuberal Region.

Back 13

Dorsomedial nu.

Arcuate nu.

Ventrolateral nu.

Front 14

List the nuclei of the Mammillary region.

Back 14

Lateral nu.

Mammillary nu.

Posterior nu.

Front 15

What causes narcolepsy?

Back 15

Orexin deficiency

or

Orexin receptor gene mutation

Front 16

Where would you expect thermoreceptors in the hypothalamus?

Back 16

Preoptic nu.

Anterior nu.

Front 17

Orexin neurons can be found where?

Back 17

Lateral zone

Front 18

Glucoreceptors can be found where?

Back 18

Ventromedial nu.

Lateral hypothalamus

Front 19

Osmoreceptors can be found where?

Back 19

Posterior hypothalamus

OVLT

Front 20

What mediates the influence of the Prefrontal cortex to the hypothalamus?

Back 20

Dorsomedial Thalamic nu.

Front 21

What mediates the influence of the Orbital Frontal Cortex & Septal nu. on the hypothalamus.

Back 21

Medial Forebrain Bundle

Front 22

What mediates influence of the Hippocampal complex on the hypothalamus?

Back 22

Fornix

Front 23

What mediates influence of the Amygdala on the Hypothalamus?

Back 23

Stria Terminalis

&

Ventral Amygdalofugal Bundle

Front 24

Describe the events for the utilization of the Hypothalamohypopophyseal Tract.

Back 24

Increase in:
- Angiotensin II
- Blood Osmolarity

Decrease in:
- Cardial Atrial filling

Causes the release of:
- ADH (vasopressin)
- Oxytocin

From the:
- Paraventricular nu. (PVN)
- Supraorbital nu. (SON)

The hormones get transported to the Neurohypophysis (Posterior Pituitary)

via the Hypothalamohypophyseal tract.

The Neurohypophysis will then release these hormones.

Front 25

Renin
- Induced by what hormone?
- Released from where?
- What does it do?

Back 25

ADH

Juxtaglomerular apparatus of kidney

Further releases Angiotensin II

Front 26

Atrial Natriuretic Factor
- Released when?
- Function?

Back 26

Stretch of Atria

Inhibits ADH and Aldersterone,

thus inhibiting the Angiotensin-Renin System (excretion increase)

Front 27

Oxytocin function?

Back 27

Causes breast duct smooth muscle to contract

Causes Uterine smooth muscles to contract

Front 28

Where is the hypophyseal Portal system?

Back 28

Median Eminence

Front 29

Describe the Hypophyseal Portal System.

Back 29

Releasing and Inhibiting factor are released from some hypothamalus nuclei

These enter the Hypophyseal portal system (in the median eminence)

And carried to the Adenohypophysis (Anterior Pituitary)

Where the regulate release of:

FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH
Prolactin
Growth Hormone (GH)

Front 30

Describe the rate of hormone release and the type of action involved.

Back 30

Pulsatile release

Long-term action

Front 31

List the pathways used by the Hypothalamus (also list what gets affected).

Back 31

1. Mamillothalamic Tract (Cingulate/Prefrontal Cortex)

2. Medial Forebrain Bundle (Orbital Frontal Cortex/Septal Area)

3. Amygdala

Front 32

Bilateral destruction of the anterior nu. of the hypothalamus leads to what?

Back 32

Hyperthermia

Front 33

Bilateral destruction of the Posterior nu. of the hypothalamus leads to what?

Back 33

Poikilothermia

Front 34

Bilateral destruction of Lateral nu. of the hypothalamus leads to what?

Back 34

Aphagia

Front 35

Bilateral destruction of the Ventromedial nu. of the hypothalamus leads to what?

Back 35

Hyperphagia

Front 36

Bilateral destruction of the PVN and SON of the hypothalamus would lead to what?

Back 36

Diabetes insipidus
Polyuria
Polydipsia