M2-C1-L43 --> Pediatrics

Front 1

What does it mean for skeletal dysplasia to be proportionate?

Back 1

Equally affects trunks and extremities

Front 2

What does it mean for skeletal dysplasia to be disproportionate?

Back 2

Unequally affects trunk and extremities.

Front 3

Achondroplasia is what type of dysplagia and how common is it?

Back 3

Disproportionate dwarfism and most common form of dwarfism

Front 4

What is the gene (and type of mutation) involved in achondroplasia?

Back 4

Point mutation in FGFR-3

Front 5

What are the characteristics of achondroplasia?

Back 5

Spinal Stenosis

Trident hand

Disproportionate dwarfism

Front 6

Define dystrophy

Back 6

Condition affecting growth and development due to extrinsic factors - hormonal and metabolic

Front 7

Etiology of Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy

Back 7

Abnormality in gene encoding dystrophin

Front 8

Characters of Duchenne's. x3

Back 8

1. Normal at birth but gradual deterioration after 18 months of age.
2 Calf psuedohypertrophy
3. Gower's maneuver

Front 9

Etiology of OI.

Back 9

Connective tissue disorder due to mutation in gene for Type I collagen

Front 10

Characters of OI. x3

Back 10

1. Bone fragility
3. Abnormal dentinogenesis
2. Blue Sclerae

Front 11

Most common children's skeletal deformity

Back 11

In toeing
Out toeing

Front 12

In metatarsus adductus, what is the differential dx.

Back 12

Clubfoot
Overactive abductor hallucis
Internal tibial torsion

Front 13

In metatarsus adductus, what is the treatment?

Back 13

Parent education

Front 14

In Clubfoot, what are the clinical features?

Back 14

Plantar flexion
Forefoot adductus
Heel varus

Front 15

In clubfoot, what are the differential diagnosis?

Back 15

Idiopathic vs Positional
Idiopathic vs Neuromuscular

Front 16

In clubfoot, what is the treatment?

Back 16

Manipulation/Casting

Surgery

Front 17

What is femoral anteversion?

Back 17

Internal rotation > External Rotation

Front 18

What is tibial torsion?

Back 18

Lateral Malleolus is in same plane or anterior to Medial malleolus

Front 19

Prior to age 4, in-toeing/out-toeing is most common due to what?

Back 19

Femoral Anteversion

Tibial Torsion

Front 20

How do you treat in-toe/out-toe?

Back 20

90% correct themselves spontaneously.

Front 21

Genu Varum characters at birth and at 2-3 years of age.

Back 21

Normal variant newborn
Spontaneous correction at age 2-3

Front 22

Treatment for Genu Varum

Back 22

Education

Front 23

When is Genu Varum serious?

Back 23

Severe is persistent after age 3

Front 24

For severe Genu Varum, r/o what?

Back 24

Blounts and Crickets

Front 25

With pes plano valgus (flatfoot), what test do you run?

Back 25

Flexibility test

Front 26

What is the treatment of pes plano valgus?

Back 26

If flexible, none

In rigid, check for bone deformities (congenital vertical talus and tarsal coalition)

Front 27

DDH frequency

Back 27

1:1,000

Front 28

DDH risk factors. x4

Back 28

First born
Female
Breech
Positive family hx

Front 29

Tests for DDH. x4

Back 29

Ortalani
Barlow
Galeazi
Abduction

Front 30

What is the Ortalani test?

Back 30

Reduction test.

Femur flexed and abducted to reduce hip

Front 31

What is the Barlow test?

Back 31

Test to determine if hip is dislocatable.

Femur flexed and adducted, with posterior pressure to displace hip.

Front 32

SCFE - associated with what disorder?

Back 32

Endocrine disorder

Front 33

SCFE - symptoms?

Back 33

Painful EXTERNAL rotation deformity of hip.

Front 34

SCFE - treatment?

Back 34

Surgical pinning

Front 35

SCFE - diagnotic tool?

Back 35

AP/LAT x-ray

Front 36

Legg Perthes etiology

Back 36

Idiopathic necrosis of femoral head

Front 37

Age range for Legg perthes

Back 37

2-12

Front 38

Frequency of legg perthes

Back 38

Male:females 4:1

Unilateral 90%

Front 39

Clinical symptoms of Legg-Perthes.

Back 39

Limp

Ipsilateral knee pain

Decreased ROM

Painful internal rotation

Front 40

Legg=Perthes tx.

Back 40

Bracing and surgery

Front 41

Define Scoliosis

Back 41

Lateral curvature of spine > 10 degrees

Front 42

Classification of scoliosis

Back 42

Idiopathic (progressive during growth)
Congenital
Neuromuscular

Front 43

Rx for Idiopathic scoliosis.

Back 43

Observation
Bracing
Surgery

Front 44

Tx for congenital scoliosis

Back 44

surgery

Front 45

Rx for neuromuscular scoliosis.

Back 45

Surgery

Front 46

What is osetomyelitis?

Back 46

Infection in metaphyseal location

Front 47

What infection is the most common in osteomyelitis

Back 47

Staph

Front 48

Labs for Osteomyelitis

Back 48

Increased:

Temperature, WBC, ESR, CRP

Front 49

Tx Osteomyelitis. x4

Back 49

Culture/Sensitivity
Antibiotics
Aspiration
Surgical drainage

Front 50

What is direct extension from adjacent osteomyelitis?

Back 50

Septic arthritis