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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the bones of osteoporosis.
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NORMAL Mineralization
Decreased Bone Mass Increased Bone fragility |
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Describe type I and type II osteoporosis.
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Post menopausal
Senile |
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Which osteoporosis is most prevalent?
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Type I
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Which osteoporosis is related to the decline in kidney production of vitamin D?
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Type II
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What population group is most susceptible to osteoporosis?
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White people from Northern Europe
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Describe bone development during 20's to late 30's.
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Early 20's to early 30's
(OsteoBLAST activity > Resorption) Late 30's (Resorption > Osteoblast activity) Thus bone loss |
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Decrease of estrogen does what?
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Increases osteoclast activity
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Why is the trabeculae bone most susceptible?
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Due to high surface:volume ratio
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DEXA:
- stands for - determined by - normal scores - other scores |
Dual Energy X-ray Absorption
WHO 0 to -1 -1 to -2.5 (osteopenia) < -2.5 (osteoporosis) |
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For women with a uterus, what would you give her for osteoporosis? Why?
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Conjugated estrogen/estradiol
WITH Progestational agent. To prevent endometrial hyperplasia + endometrial carcinoma |
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SERM:
- stands for - given to - why x2 - name of its drug - why better than regular estrogen? |
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator
Post-menopausal osteoporotic women Prevents bone loss Lowers serum cholesterol levels Raloxifene Estrogen-like effect, but also has inhibitory effects on breast and ENDOMETRIUM |
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Biophosphanates:
- given to whom - why - how does it work - name of drugs xw2 |
Osteoporotic pts.
Increase bone density Affinity for hydroxyapatite crystals Alendronate Sodium Risedronate Sodium |
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What drug is now approved for osteoporotic men?
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Alendronate
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Calcitonin:
- how administered? - evidence of decreasing fx |
Nasal spray
none |
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Bone formation marker
Bone resorption marker |
Serum Osteocalcin
NTX |
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What is a good sign that bone resorption is decreasing?
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There is a 50% decrease of plasma or urine NTX.
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Pathology of osteomalacia/rickets.
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Failure of bone mineralization
at ZONE of CALCIFICATION |
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Signs of Rickets? x5
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Soft bone on baby's head
Bony necklace Curved bone Big, lumpy joints Bow-legged |
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What is the typical presentation for osteomalacia/rickets?
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Vague, unspecificed pain to bones
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Imagine of osteomalacia/rickets would manifest what?
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Looser's Transformation zones
Widened Physis |
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What is Looser's Transformation Zones?
What is it indicative of? |
Radiolucent stress fractures
with unmineralized osteoids Osteomalacia/rickets |
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Lab studies for Rickets/osteomalacia would show what?
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Increased Alkaline Phosphatase
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Paget's Disease:
- Population most affected - Typical presentation - Major imaging presentation |
White males
Clinically silent "Cotton Wool" skull |
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Paget's Disease
- Lab studies would show what? |
Increased Serum Alkaline Phosphatase
Increased Urine Hydroxylysine Increased Urine Hydroxyproline |
