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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Trauma:
- #1 cause of death of what group? |
Under 40
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Most common injury
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limb injury
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Most lethal injury
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head/visceral injury
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#1 accidental death
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MVA
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#1 Non-fatal death
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Falls
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List the distributions of trauma.
Include characteristics of each. |
1. First hour
(lethal, most deaths) 2. Hour 1 to 4 (Death by blood loss, "Golden hour") 3. Two weeks and beyond (Death by complications) |
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List the components of the INITIAL ASSESSMENT for trauma victims.
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Resuscitation
Primary Assessment Secondary Survey Initiation of Definitive Care |
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List the components of the Primary Assessment for trauma victims.
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1. Airway + C-spine control
2. Breathing + ventilation 3. Circulation 4. Disability (neurocheck) 5. Exposure |
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List the components of the Secondary Survey for trauma victims.
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Allergies
Medications Past Medical Hx Last time of meal/drink Events/environment related to injury |
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List the characters of the stages in Trauma treatment.
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Stage I - Tx at scene
Stage II - Tx at ER Stage III - Early Tx for Cardiac and Abdominal complications Stage IV - Tx for Musculoskeletal complications Stage V - Long term rehab |
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What is the criteria for IMMEDIATE fracture treatment? x2
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Vascular compromise
(due to position during injury) Hemorrhage (from open fx) |
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Describe the application for a tourniquet during a hemorrhage.
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NO TOURNIQUET!!!!!!!
Use sterile pressure dressing |
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It is best to stabilize fractures in what position?
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Anatomical
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How much force is required for reduction?
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NO FORCE
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Immobilizing a bone comes before or after reduction?
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AFTER
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What is the difference between strain and sprain?
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Sprain includes supporting structure of joint (ligaments).
Strain includes the stretch/tear of muscle or tendon. |
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How do you use to differentiate between a sprain and a strain?
Describe the surrounding circumstances involved. |
X-ray (for fractures)
MRI/PET (for complete ruptures) |
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What is the difference between subluxation and dislocation?
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Subluxation is where the articular surfaces are still partly apposed.
Dislocation is the complete displacement of the joint surface. |
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Fractures occur due to what three circumstances?
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Traumatic event
Repetitive stress Abnormal weakening of bone (due to disease/tumor) |
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What is unique about bone healing?
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Only tissue that heals without scarring
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List the classifications of fractures.
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1. Location
2. Orientation/extent of fracture line 3. Displacement amount of fragments 4. Skin/soft tissue integrity |
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Diagnosis of fractures are confirmed with what?
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X-rays
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What is the rule of thumb when X-raying fractures?
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Always get ABOVE and BELOW the bone involved.
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List the phases of Secondary healing.
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Inflammation Phase
Reparative Phase (callus formation) Remodeling Phase |
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What is important about secondary bone healing in fractures?
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It is the proper method of healing for open fractures.
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Define delayed union.
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Failure of fracture to consolidate in the usual time required for normal union to take place.
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Define non union.
When does this happen (timeframe)? |
Process of bone healing ceases after failure to produce union.
Greater than six months |
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Describe Type I of Open Fractures.
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Wound less than 1 cm
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Describe Type II of Open Fractures.
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Wound greater than 1 cm
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Describe Type III-A of Open fractures.
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Moderate soft tissue injury
Adequate soft tissue covering fractured bone |
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Describe Type III-B of open fractures.
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Extensive soft tissue injury
Periosteal stripping with significant bone exposure |
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Describe Type III-C of open fractures.
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All of Type III-B and Type III-C
and including Vascular injury Amputation risk |
