M2-C1-L --> Soft Tissue

Front 1

Articular Cartilage composed purely of what?

Back 1

Type II and Aggrecans

Front 2

What type of cartilage is Articular cartilage?

Back 2

Hyaline cartilage

Front 3

Articular cartilage is specialized for what?

Back 3

Frictionless load bearing

Front 4

Think of Articular cartilage as what?

Back 4

Suspended endochondral ossification.

Front 5

Characters of Articular Cartilage. x6

Back 5

1. Biochemically reactive
2. Low Cellularity (ECM dominates)
3. Avascular
4. Hypoxic
5. Aneural
6. Hyperosmotic

Front 6

Name and describe the zones of articular cartilage.

Back 6

Tangential - thin fibrils parallel to surface, elongated chondrocytes

Transitional - Less organization of fibers, rounded cells

Deep zone - vertical fibers, columnar cells

Front 7

What does the tidemark do?

Back 7

Demarcates calcified cartilage between deep zone and subchondral bone.

Front 8

In Articular Cartilage, how does the territorial matrix differ from Interterritorial matrix?

Back 8

Interterritorial matrix is larger and more organized collagen fibers.

Front 9

Repair prognosis of superficial cartilage defect

Back 9

Does not repair.

Front 10

Cartilage damage usually leads to what condition?

Back 10

Osteoarthritis

Front 11

What shows promise in fibrin clots at 6 months post-op

Back 11

IGF1 used to recruit MSC's (Mesenchymal Stem Cells)

Front 12

Describe OA cartilage. x7

Back 12

1. Decreased Proteoglycans
2. Increased Osteophytes
3. Fissures
4. Fibrillation
5. Necrosis
6. Cysts
7. Chondrocyte clusters

Front 13

Age related changes in cartilage aggregates. x2

Back 13

1. Biochemical function decreases
2. ECM renewal capacity decreases

Front 14

OA is progressive loss of what?

Back 14

Articular cartilage

Front 15

T/F - OA is an early event

Back 15

False - It is a late event

Front 16

T/F - OA is systemic.

Back 16

False - OA is local

Front 17

Define Synovial tissue.

Back 17

Layer of lining cells on interior of joint capsule, tendon sheath, bursae, and surface of ligaments (areas of compression)

Front 18

T/F - Synovial tissue is a true membrane.

Back 18

False - Not a true membrane, but rather a loose network of cells embedded in connective tissue.

Front 19

What does synovial tissue provide? x2

Back 19

1. Metabolic support for avascular cartilage
2. Lubricating synovial fluid

Front 20

Describe structure and function of Type A synoviocytes.

Back 20

Macrophage like

Removes debris

Front 21

Describe structure and function of Type B synoviocytes.

Back 21

Fibroblast like

Secretes HA

Front 22

What does Hyaluronic Acid contribute?

Back 22

High viscosity, filtration of plasma

Front 23

The synovium mediates what?

Back 23

Inflammation

Front 24

What are the categories of synovitis?

Back 24

Inflammatory and Noninflammatory joint diseases

Front 25

What are the characters of inflammatory joint disease?

Back 25

1. Primary
2. Acute inflammation
3. Categorized as monoarticular or polyarticular.

Front 26

Give an example of monoarticular inflammatory joint disease.

Back 26

Bacterial Septic Arthritis

Front 27

Give examples of polyarticular inflammatory joint disease.

Back 27

Reumatoid Arthritis, Gout, Lupus.

Front 28

What are the characteristics of noninflammatory joint disease?

Back 28

1. Secondary
2. Slowly progressive
3. Localized

Front 29

Give an example of noninflammatory joint disease.

Back 29

OA

Front 30

In synovitis, hyperplastic pannus does what? x4

Back 30

Secretes inflammatory cytokines

Secretes proteolytic enzymes

Recruits leukocytes

Degrades cartilage

Front 31

In inflammatory synovitis, what would prove as positive inflammation in arthrocentesis?

Back 31

High WBC, high neutrophils, and low viscosity

Front 32

Hemarthrosis found in arthrocentesis indicates what?

Back 32

Trauma or PVNS

Front 33

Give two examples of benign Synovial Tumors.

Back 33

1. Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis (PVNS)
2. Synovial Chondromatosis

Front 34

Describe Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis (PVNS).

Back 34

Benign Synovial Tumor

Proliferation of synovium nodules with inflammation

Front 35

Describe Synovial Chondromatosis.

Back 35

Benign Synovial tumor

Proliferation of hyaline cartilage nodules in synovium.

Inflammation.

Nodules may undergo conversion to bone.

Front 36

What would a histological slide of OA reveal?

Back 36

Follicular arrangement of infiltrating lymphocytes

Front 37

Define Anisotropic.

Back 37

Mechanical properties depending on direction of force applied

Front 38

Define endoligament

Back 38

Vascularized loose connective tissue surrounding collagen fibers IN ligament.

Front 39

Define epiligament

Back 39

Vascularized loose connective tissue on surface of ligament.

Front 40

What type of nerves would you find in epiligament?

Back 40

Proprioceptive nerve fibers

Front 41

Describe the direct ligament attachment to bone.

Back 41

Four zones: Ligament, Calcified Fibrocartilage, Uncalcified Fibrocartilage, and Bone.

Front 42

Describe the indirect ligament attachment to bone.

Back 42

Fusion of ligament with periosteum

Front 43

In ligaments, 70-80% of dry weight is what?

Back 43

Collagen.

Front 44

In ligaments, 70% of wet weight is what?

Back 44

Water.

Front 45

In ligaments, 90% of collagen is what type of cartilage?

Back 45

Type I

Front 46

What contributes to ligament elasticity?

Back 46

Fibrillin and elastin via elastic microfibrils

Front 47

Describe the degree of ligament damage (sprains).

Back 47

Grade 1 (mild)
to
Grade 3 (rupture)

Front 48

Describe MCL repair.

Back 48

Inflammation, Proliferation, and Remodeling.

Requires prolonged healing time (about 1 year)

Front 49

Describe ACL repair.

Back 49

Not repairable.

Must be replaced by tendon graft.

Front 50

What allows for coordination of ligament and bone growth?

Back 50

Remodeling at insertion site of ligament.

Front 51

Describe Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.

Back 51

Genetic modification to collagen genes.

Results in joint laxity.

Front 52

Describe Marfan's Syndrome.

Back 52

Genetic defect in Fibrillin gene.

Results in joint laxity, abnormal height, blindness, and aortic dilation and aneurysm.

Front 53

Describe Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.

Back 53

Genetic modification to collagen genes.

Results in joint laxity.

Front 54

Describe Marfan's Syndrome.

Back 54

Genetic defect in Fibrillin gene.

Results in joint laxity, abnormal height, blindness, and aortic dilation and aneurysm.