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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
How do you make ACh?
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Choline + Acetyl CoA
With Choline Acetyl Transfer |
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Where do you find muscarinic receptors?
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Postganglionic parasympathetic fiber
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What blocks muscarinic receptors?
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Anti-muscarinic agents
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What is an example of an anti-muscarinic agent?
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Atropine
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Where do you find nicotinic receptors? x3
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1. Autonomic ganglia (of sympathetic and parasymp.)
2. Adrenal Medulla 3. Nueromuscular junction (of skeletal muscle) |
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How do you block nicotinic receptors in the autonomic ganglia and adrenal medulla?
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Ganglionic blockers
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How do you block nicotinic receptors in the neuromuscular junction?
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Neuromuscular blockers
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Muscarinic agonists do what to heart in terms of SA node and AV node?
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SA - Reduced rate of firing (Bradycardia)
AV - Slow conductance (increase refactory period) |
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Muscarinic agonists do what to blood vessels?
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Vasodilate
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Muscarinic agonists do what to GI?
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1. Increase tone and motility of stomach and intestines.
2. Relax sphincter |
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Muscarinic agonists do what to eye? x2
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Pupil contraction
Ciliary muscle contraction (fixed for near vision) |
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Muscarinic agonists do what to lungs?
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Constriction of bronchi
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Muscarinic agonists do what to exocrine glands?
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Stimulate secretion
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Nicotinic agonists do what to Autonomic ganglia?
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Stimulate both sympathetic and parasympathetic (in high dose)
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Nicotinic agonists do what to adrenal medulla?
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Release of epi and norepi (requires high dose)
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Nicotinic agonists do what to skeletal muscle? x2
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Depolarization
Contraction |
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What do choline esters do?
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Make ACh less susceptible to inactivation, so longer duration of action.
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What are some therapeutic uses for choline esters? x3
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1. Postoperative GI atony
2. Urinary retention 3. Wide angle glaucoma |
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What are three contraindications for choline esters?
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1. Hyperthyroidism
2. Asthma 3. Peptic ulcer |
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What are some therapeutic uses for cholinomimetic alkaloids?
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1. Open angle glaucoma
2. Antiemetic agents in CA treatment (decrease N/V) 3. Diagnostic/research tool. |
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What are the two functional binding sites of AChE?
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1. Anionic subsite
2. Esteratic subsite |
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For cholinesterase inhibitors, the choline portion binds with what subsite?
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Anionic subsite
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For cholinesterase inhibitors, the acetic acid portion binds with what subsite?
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Esteratic subsite
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What is a sign of muscarinic toxicity?
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Wheezing respiration
and miosis |
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What is the primary cause of death in Organophosphorous toxicity?
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Respiratory paralysis
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AChE activity is regenerated from cholinergic drugs when?
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Only when new enzyme is synthesized.
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