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34 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Serine degradation to 3-Phosphoglycerate:
(Part 1 of 3) Substrate? Enzyme? Products? Energy? Cofactor/Coenzyme? |
Serine (+ alpha-KA)
Transanimase 3-Hydroxypyruvate (+ alpha-AA) |
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Serine degradation to 3-Phosphoglycerate:
(Part 2 of 3) Substrate? Enzyme? Products? Energy? Cofactor/Coenzyme? |
3-Hydroxypyruvate
D-glcyerate Dehydrogenase D-glycerate NADH goes in |
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Serine degradation to 3-Phosphoglycerate:
(Part 3 of 3) Substrate? Enzyme? Products? Energy? Cofactor/Coenzyme? |
D-glycerate
D-glycerate Kinase 3-Phosphoglycerate ATP goes in |
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What are the three reaction types associated with the Serine degradation to 3-Phosphoglycerate?
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Transanimation (aminostransferation)
Dehydration Phophorylation |
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Serine conversion to pyruvate:
Substrate? Enzyme? Products? Energy? Cofactor/Coenzyme? |
Serine
Serine Dehydratase Pyruvate (+ NH4) |
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Serine Conversion to Glycine:
Substrate? Enzyme? Products? Energy? Cofactor/Coenzyme? |
Serine (+ MTHF)
Serine Hydroxymethly Transferase Glycine (+ N5,N10 Methylene THF) PLP |
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Glycine Degradation to Serine?
Substrate? Enzyme? Products? Energy? Cofactor/Coenzyme? |
Glycine (+ N5,N10 Methylene THF)
Serine Hydroxymethly Transferase Serine (+ MTHF) PLP |
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Alternative Glycine Degradation
(not the one that goes to Serine) Substrate? Enzyme? Products? Energy? Cofactor/Coenzyme? |
Glycine (+ MTHF)
Glycine Cleavage Complex CO2 and NH4+ (+ N5, N10 Methylene THF) NADH comes out |
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Glycine Cleavage System.
What is the P component? |
PLP - Dependent
Glycine Decarboxylase |
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Glycine Cleavage System.
What is the H component? |
Aminomethyl transferase
containing Lipoamide |
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Glycine Cleavage System.
What is the L component? |
Lipamide Dehydrogenase
FAD-requiring NAD-dependent |
NFL
DR. D |
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Glycine Cleavage System.
What is the T component? |
THF-containing
Methyl acceptor |
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Phe catabolism: Step 1:
Type of Reaction Substrate Enzyme Product Energy Cofactor/Coenzyme Additional Note: |
Hydroxylation
Phenylalanine + O2 (+ 5,6,7,8 Tetrahydrobiopterin) Phenylalanine Hydroxylase (needs O2) Tyrosine + H2O (+ 7,8 Dihydrobiopterin) NADH goes in Simultaneously Oxidizes Phe & Reduces O to H2O |
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What enzyme replenishes the hydrogens on 7,8-Dihydrobiopterin?
Is anything else required? |
Dihydrobiopterin Reductase
NADH must be put in. |
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Phe catabolism: Step 2:
Type of Reaction Substrate Enzyme Product Energy Cofactor/Coenzyme Additional Note: |
Aminotransferation
Tyrosine (+ alpha KG) Tyrosine Aminotransferase p-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate (+ Glu) |
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Phe catabolism: Step 3:
Type of Reaction Substrate Enzyme Product Energy Cofactor/Coenzyme Additional Note: |
Oxygenase reaction (2nd one so far)
p-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate (+ O2) p-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase Homogentistic Acid (+ CO2) |
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Phe catabolism: Step 4:
Type of Reaction Substrate Enzyme Product Energy Cofactor/Coenzyme Additional Note: |
Oxygenase reaction (3rd and final)
Homogentistic acid (+ O2) Homogentistic acid 1,2-Dioxygenase Maleyacetoacetate (+ O2) |
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Phe catabolism: Step 5:
Type of Reaction Substrate Enzyme Product Energy Cofactor/Coenzyme Additional Note: |
Isomerization
Maleyacetoacetate Maleyacetoacetate Isomerase Fumarylacetoacetate |
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Phe catabolism: Step 6:
Type of Reaction Substrate Enzyme Product Energy Cofactor/Coenzyme Additional Note: |
Cleavage by Hydrolysis
Fumarylacetoacetate (+ H2O) Fumarylacetoacetase Fumerate + Acetoacetate |
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Phe catabolism: Step 7:
Type of Reaction Substrate Enzyme Product Energy Cofactor/Coenzyme Additional Note: |
Transferation
Acetoacetate (+ Succinyl CoA) 3-keto Acyl-CoA Transferase Acetoacetyl CoA (+ Succinate) |
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In the catabolism of Phe to Acetoacetyl-CoA, which enzyme breaks the ring structure?
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Homogentistic acid 1,2 dioxygenase
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What is so unique about the enzygmatic properties of the 1st step in Phe catabolism to Tyr?
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PAH
(aka - oxygenase aka mixed f(x) oxygenase) takes the O from O2 and puts it into Phe, thus hydroxylating it then reduces the remaining O using Tetrahydrobiopterin then additional re-reduces dihydrobiopterin using NADH. |
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The catabolism of both Lysine and Leucine yields what two important products?
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Acetoacetyl CoA
----> Acetyl CoA |
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The catabolism of Isoleucine yields what important products? x2
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Succinyl CoA
Acetyl CoA |
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The catabolism of Tryptophan yields what important products? x 4
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Acetoacetyl CoA
Pyruvate Acetyl CoA x2 |
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In the catabolism of Tryptophan, Pyruvate is made from what precursor in the catabolic pathway?
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Alanine
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In the catabolism of Tryptophan, what intermediate molecule is shared with the catabolic pathway of Lysine?
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Alpha-ketoadipate
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What two amino acids are both glucogenic, ketogenic, and form fumerate in its catabolic pathway?
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Phenylalanine
Tyrosine (phenylalanine is the precursor to Tyrosine) |
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List amino acids that can get to pyruvate (via catabolism) in:
1 step x2 2 steps x2 3 steps x1 3+ steps x1 |
Serine & Alanine
Glycine & Cysteine Threonine Tryptophan |
THREonine to Pyr in THREe steps
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Catabolism of Thr to Pyr: Step 1
Type of reaction Substrate Enzyme Product Energy Cofactor/Coenzyme Additional notes |
Transferase
Threonine Serine hydroxymethyl transferase Acetaldehyde + Glycine PLP |
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Catabolism of Thr to Pyr: Step 2
Type of reaction Substrate Enzyme Product Energy Cofactor/Coenzyme Additional notes |
Transferase
Glycine (+ N5, N10 Methylene THF) Serine Hydroxymethyl Transferase Serine (+ MTHF) Reversible reaction |
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Catabolism of Thr to Pyr: Step 3
Type of reaction Substrate Enzyme Product Energy Cofactor/Coenzyme Additional notes |
Dehydratation
Serine Serine Dehydrotase Pyruvate and NH4+ PLP Segmented reaction where water leaves first, then re-enters, thus releasing NH4+ |
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Discuss the alternative pathway Phe takes when there is a PAH deficiency.
Type of reaction Substrate Enzyme Product Energy Cofactor/Coenzyme What gets transferred? From where? to what? |
Transanimation
Phe (+ Pyruvate) Transanimase Phenylpyruvate + (Alanine) PLP required Amine group (NH4+) From Phe to Ala |
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What are the phenylketones? x3
List the precursor for each. |
Phenylpyruvate (precursor is Phe)
Phenylacetate (precursor is phenylpyruvate) Phenyllactate (precursor is phenylpyruvate) |
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