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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the importance of PHYSICAL compartmentalization in mitochondria?
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1. Maximizes surface area
2. Minimizes diffusion distance |
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What does adding CN do to mitochondria?
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Inhibits cytochrome oxidation -blocks O2- (IV) thus halts ATP synthesis and electron transport.
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What happens when you add venturicidin or oligomycin?
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Inhibits ATPase complex, but not the electron transport.
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What does addition of DNP or FCCP do?
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Uncouples the electron transport and ATPase, by allowing H+ to leak back into inner matrix.
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Thermogenin is what?
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Uncoupling protein (UCP)
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Where is thermogenin found?
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In brown fat of newborns or hibernating bears
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How does thermogenin work?
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Bypasses the ATPase, so that H+ is able to leak, allowing HEAT to be created.
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Salicylic Acid does what? Symptoms of OD
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Uncouples OX PHOS leading to H+ leaks. This causes fever in asprin OD
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What is the rate limiting (slowest step) in OX PHOS?
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ATP release from complex
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On the FoF1 ATPase, what is reversible?
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ADP <-- --> ATP
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What is the most energetically expensive part of OX PHOS?
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Dissociation of ATP from complex.
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What are the three conformations of ATPase?
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1. Empty (alpha and beta state)
2. ADP (alpha and beta state) 3. ATP (alpha and beta state) |
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How many subunits are there on F1 of ATPase?
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9 subunits
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What is the P/O of NADH?
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2.5
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What is the P/O of succinate?
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1.5
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What is P/O?
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The number of ATP per atom
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T/F - There is a tranporter for NAD(P)H
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False
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Where does the malate-aspartate shuttle occur?
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Liver, Kidneys, and Heart
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What type of NADH shuttle does the brain use?
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Glycerol 3 Phosphate
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What does the malate-aspartate shuttle do?
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Shuttles NADH from cytoplasmic across the mito membrane.
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How does the reducing equivalents from glycolytic and Pentose pathway cycle get into the mitochondria?
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Malate - Aspartate shuttle.
(Malate/alpha ketogluterate and Glutamte/aspartate) |
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How does glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle work?
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Delivers reducing equivalents from OUTSIDE using FAD and passing them to coenzyme Q
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Give numerical values for each
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Answers
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Two common diseases associated with mitochondrial mutations
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LHON and MERRF
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What is defective in LHON?
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Electron transport
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What is defective in MERRF?
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mitochondrial tRNA
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What are the three enzymes for respiratory burst in macrophages/neutrophils?
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1. Superoxide dismutase
2. NADH Oxidase 3. Myeloperoxidase |
