Lyons Phs4904 Ch 10 Sensory

Front 1

modality differences are due to: ______

Back 1

differences in neural pathways

Front 2

these sensors sense chemical stimuli in the environment or the blood:

Back 2

chemoreceptors (Ex: taste buds, olfactory epithelium, aortic & carotid bodies)

Front 3

these receptors respond to heat & cold:

Back 3

thermoreceptors

Front 4

these receptors are stimulated by mechanical deformation of the receptor cell mb:

Back 4

mechanoreceptors (touch & pressure Rs in the skin, & hair cells within the ear)

Front 5

pain receptors that depolarize in response to stimuli that accompany tissue damage

Back 5

nociceptors

Front 6

these receptors have a higher threshold for activation, & the rate increases as the stimuli increases:

Back 6

nociceptors

Front 7

_______ can inhibit nociceptors

Back 7

endorphins

Front 8

sensory Rs that monitor the position of joints:

Back 8

proprioreceptors (muscle spindles, golgi tendon, joint Rs)

Front 9

_____ receptors include touch & pressure, heat & cold, & pain

Back 9

cutaneous (skin) receptors

Front 10

the receptors that mediate sight, equilibrium, hearing, taste, & smell are _______

Back 10

special senses

Front 11

the receptors that can be categorized according to adaption are ____ & _____

Back 11

tonic & phasic

Front 12

______ receptors respond with a burst & then quickly adapt, & can fire again when stimulus is removed (on/off switch)

Back 12

phasic receptors (Ex: pacinian corpuscle- wrist watch)

Front 13

receptors that maintain a high firing rate the entire time a stimulus is applied is known as _______

Back 13

tonic receptor (pain)

Front 14

____ of a sensory neuron is that produced by its normal or adequate stimuli

Back 14

sensation

Front 15

adequate stimulus requires _____ amount of energy to activate

Back 15

least

Front 16

perception of only 1 modality due to different stimuli is due to: (Ex: hot pepper as heat, menthol as cold, punch in eye as light)

Back 16

due to synaptic pathways activated by receptors

Front 17

similar to dendrites, potential changes in response to stimulation in sensory nerve endings are called ______

Back 17

receptor or generator potentials (usually similar to EPSPs/local graded, may or may not trigger AP)

Front 18

a pacinian corpuscle is an example of a cutaneous pressure receptor & a ______ receptor

Back 18

phasic

Front 19

when a tonic R is stimulated, the generator potential it produces is proportional to the _____

Back 19

intensity of the stimulus

Front 20

Tonic Rs: increases in amplitude of generator potential result in increased ______

Back 20

frequency of APs (codes for strength of stimulus)

Front 21

free/naked endings of sensory neurons are receptors for ____, ___, & _____

Back 21

heat, cold, & pain

Front 22

______ receptors are mediated by merkel discs & ruffani endings (free/naked expanded dendrites)

Back 22

touch

Front 23

sensations for ____ & _____are mediated by meissner's & pacinian corpuscles (encapsulated dendrites)

Back 23

touch & pressure

Front 24

free/ naked _______ dendrites are merkel discs & ruffani endings

Back 24

expanded

Front 25

_______ dendrites are meissner's & pacinian corpuscles

Back 25

encapsulated

Front 26

merkels discs & ruffini endings are tonic Rs, whereas _____&____ are phasic Rs

Back 26

meissner's & pacinian corpuscles

Front 27

____Rs are free nerve endings either myelinated or nmyelinated

Back 27

Nociceptors/Pain Rs

Front 28

free nerve endings send instant sharp pain via myelinated fibers called ____

Back 28

A-delta fibers

Front 29

free nerve endings send dull aches via unmyelinated fibers called ____

Back 29

C-fibers

Front 30

nociceptors send afferent neurons to SPC where they synapse releasing NT ____

Back 30

substance P

Front 31

Cold Rs are located in the _______, wheras warm Rs are located in the _____

Back 31

cold-upper dermis, warm-lower dermis

Front 32

are A delta fibers myelinated or unmyelinated?

Back 32

myelinated

Front 33

_____ Rs can be myelinated (A delta) or unmyelinated (C fibers)

Back 33

nociceptors (pain)

Front 34

niciceptors synapse in the SPC & release NT ________

Back 34

substance P

Front 35

when you stub your toe, the instant sharp pain is from _____ fibers

Back 35

A delta myelinated

Front 36

medial leminiscus & lateral spinothalamic tracts are pathways for _______, which include 3 neurons in a series

Back 36

somesthetic senses

Front 37

the fine touch, and vibration pathway is the ______tract

Back 37

medial leminiscus tract

Front 38

the heat, cold, & pain pathway is the ______ tract

Back 38

lateral spinothalamic tract

Front 39

cutaneous area that when stimulated changes the firing rate of sensory neuron

Back 39

receptive field