• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/27

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

27 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Treatment for local and systemic dz
Local: surgical, local chemo, RT
systemic: chemo, immunotherapy
most chemo pat has good qulity of life during tx
Lymphoma in cats
FeLV assoc with mediastinal lymphoma. Lymphoma common in cats, Young cats usually have FeLV and Mediastinal lymphoma, Old cats with no FeLV and GI lymphoma
sometimes get lymphoma after LYMPHOCYTIC, PLASMOCYTIC IBD in cats
Dogs
middle aged dogs most commonly affected, but out of cancer affecting young dogs (as young as 6 months), LSA common
GENETICS is biggest thing: boxer, mastiff, basset, st. bernard, Mastiff
Location of lymphoma
Cats get it in GI(cause of FeLV vx, young cats not affected as much), Dogs get it in LN (BAR, happy dog, come in in with big node, dont' feel sick when come in, no pain)
3 LNs should be able to feel in dogs
popliteal, prescap and sumandibular
Etiology of lymphoma
Cats: FeLV+ LSA in young cats and is T cell
FeLV directly cause malignancy
FIV- predisposed to lymphoma with immune dysfunction
IBD may progress to lymphoma (no proven)
dogs: genetics
History and signs of lymphoma in cats
Cat: GI form most common ( microscopic diffuse (thickened like IBD) or mass (better aspirate and get ddx)
Signs: wt loss, inappetance, lethargy, vomit and/ or diaarhea
History and signs of lymphoma in dogs
multicentric form most common (multiple peripheral LN)
typically asytomatic and present with enlarged LN (lump under chin)
GI lymphoma in dog median suvival time 10-20 days
hepatic lymphoma in single site really bad, usually very ill
PE findings of lymphoma in LN and GI
1. peripheral nodes: enlarged, firm, NONPAINFUL, common in dogs, rare in cats
2. Gi: thickened bowel loops +/- mass, uncommon in dogs, common in cts
PE findings of lymphoma in liver / spleen and nasal
3.Liver/ Spleem : palpable hepatosplenomegaly +/- nodes, seen in dogs, uncommon in cats
4. Nasal: epistaxis, nasal discharge, exothalmus, rare in dogs, uncommon in cats
PE exam of lymphoma in mediastinal site
Mediastinal: decrease compressability of thorax, resp distress, regurgitation, rare in dogs, FeLV cats
PE exam of lymphoma in Renal, skin, ocular sites and CNS (uncommon)
Renal: bilateral renal enlargement, rare in dogs, uncommon in cats
Skin: alopecia, may be pruritic, ulcerated, flasky skin, uncommon in dogs and rare in cats
Ocular: hyphema, corneal edema, uncommon in dogs, rare in cats
CNS: paresis most common clinical findings, rare in dogs, uncommon in cats
Bio behavior of lymphoma in cats and dogs
usually arise in lymphoid tissue (LN, spleen, bone marrow) but can arise or invade any tissue
always systemic, chemo tx of choice
diff anatomic sites prognostic
Sites and response to tx
multicentric (LN) do great in dog, even if liver one of the site
liver itself: bad
Mediastinal: fair to good for both
GI: bad for dog, bad to good for cat
nasal: good to excelent
others: poor to fair
Prognostic factor for dogs (KNOW)
1. hypercalcemia -ve prognostic factor
2. immunophenotype- B cell better (treat the same)
3. histological subtype: high grade better response to chemo, low grade less aggressive tumor
4. Stage: stage 1& 2 better, Stage 5 with bone marrow involved do worst
5. Substage: ONE OF THE MOST IMPT PROGNOSTIC FACTOR, A (healthy) BETTER THAN B (sick)
6. Anatomical site impt prognostic factor
Prognostic factor for cats
B worst than A
FeLV status (+ve w/ decreased remission time)
Response to therapy (cats go into remission have greatly prolonged survival)
Diagnostic of LSA
easy, FNA
Is sick cat with thick gut loop, need surgical biopsy, if use scope, won't have whole villi and seroa
Staging of LSA- almost always systemic dz, staging impt
(KNOW)
1. FNA- >50% lymphoblast (large cell)
2. CBC- may be nonrmal, may be cytopenia of leukemia. (tx lymphoma and leukemia improves)
3. chem- may be normal, may reveal abnormalities related to organs. Hypercalcemia (paraneoplastic syndrome) is a poor prognostic factor
UA: asses b4 chemo, UTI can become sepsis with chemo
chest rads(for lung), ab rads (for organomegaly), ab ultrasound for cats (GI involvement), not dog unless GI involvement suspected
bone marrow aspirate: more than 50% LSA infiltration in marrow= poor prognostic factor
tissue biopsy: rarely done
Staging (KNOW)
Stage 1- single LN
stage 2- LN and on region
stage 3- generalized LN
Stage 4- liver/ spleen
stage 5- marow/ peripheral blood and/ or other organs
clinical substage
a- pt clinically normal
b- pt is ill
Paraneoplastic syndrome assoc with canine lymphoma
1. Hypoglycemia (rare)
2. Hypercalcemia (2nd to parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP) produced by maglinant cells- poor prognostic factor
3. Hyoproteinemia- rare finding 2nd to antibody production by tumor cells
4. imune- mediated hemolytic anemia or thrmbocytopenia cuasing cytopenia
Aleukemia leukemia
When bone marroe is so heavily infiltrated with lymphblast so no maglinant cells are circulatig in tissues
tissue biopsy
rarely needed cause FNA just as good.
Needed for small cell LSA in dogs (rare)
and some LSA in cats (thickened gut loop, need surgical biopsy, scope biopsy don't get seroa and villi)
Treatment for multicentric LSA in dog
65-90% response to tx with complete remission wihin 1st few wks
RARELY CURE
w/o tx MST= 4-6wk
w/ prednisone MST= 11wks
w/ combiation therapy MST= 12mths
Induction therapy
maintenance therapy
resuce therapy
Induction therapy= initial therapy
maintenance therapy= tx given in progressively longer interval
Resuce therapy= given when animal come out of remission
chemo resistance
eventually chemo cell become resistance to chem mostly cause of p- glycoprotein pumping out toxins from cell cytoplasm. Most LSA tx fails eventually because of this
Cats GI lymphoma tx
33% response to multidrug tx and MST of 1yr