Lymphoid System

Front 1

The lymph system is composed of capsulated and non-capsulated tissues. What are the two types of encapsulated or compact organs of the lymph system and what are their components?

Back 1

Central lymphoid organs-thymus and bone marrow
Peripheral lymphoid organs- spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, appendix, and Peyer's patches of ileum.

Front 2

Where are the components of the nonencapsulated lymph tissue?

Back 2

Papillary layer of the dermis and in the lamina propria of the respiratory, digestive, urinary and reporductive systems. Several types of "associated lymphatic tissue" make up the MALT (mucosa associated immune system)

Front 3

What is the main characteristic of a secondary nodule?

Back 3

A germinating center

Front 4

What is the main cell found in the germinating center?

Back 4

B lymphoblast.

Front 5

What is the main cell found in the dark staining region around the germinal center(the corona)?

Back 5

B-memory cells

Front 6

What is the first line of defense?

Back 6

The epithelial barrier...skin and mucosa

Front 7

What is the second line of defense?

Back 7

Innate or natural immune system

Front 8

What is the third line of defense

Back 8

Adaptive or aquired immune system

Front 9

The process known as immunoglobulin switching occurs during the development and maturation of B cells switches what antibodies?

Back 9

IgM to IgD

Front 10

What are the main stromal elements of lymph tissue?
Major parenchymal cells?

Back 10

*reticular fibers and reticular cells
*lymphocytes

Front 11

type of lymph tissue with no special organization and uniform cell-fiber distribution.

Back 11

diffuse lymphoid tissue

Front 12

What is the only lymphoid organ to filter lymph?

Back 12

lymph nodes

Front 13

Circulating lymphocytes gain access to lymph nodes via what?

Back 13

postcapillary venules

Front 14

What is the pathway of lymph drainage through a lymph node?

Back 14

Afferent lymphatic vessel-> subcapsular sinus -> trabecular sinus -> medullary sinus-> efferent lymphatic vessel

Front 15

What cells are part of the innate immune system?

Back 15

macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killler cells (NK cells)

Front 16

What cells are part of the adaptive immune system?

Back 16

T and B lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells, denditic cells

Front 17

Where do B cells become immunocompetent?

Back 17

bone marrow

Front 18

Where do T cells become immunocompetent?

Back 18

Thymus

Front 19

What type of mitotic are the B and T cells?

Back 19

RPM

Front 20

Where are the T cells located in peripheral organs? B cells?

Back 20

thymic dependent zones
Bursa dependent zones

Front 21

Which lymphocytes "wanders", enters peripheral blood?

Back 21

T cells

Front 22

Can lymphocytes re-enter the circulatory system after leaving to endter lymphatics?

Back 22

Yes they can re-enter circulatory system.

Front 23

What response do B lymphocytes elicit?

Back 23

Humoral immune response

Front 24

What response do T cells elicit?

Back 24

cellular immune response

Front 25

Where are Class I MHC's located?

Back 25

All nucleated body cells

Front 26

Where are Class II MHC's located?

Back 26

B-cells, macrophages, and other APC's

Front 27

B-lymphocytes get rid of _____. T-lymphocytes induce cells that kill _____.

Back 27

bacteria, viruses

Front 28

How do B-cells recognize antigens?

Back 28

Directly recognize antigens

Front 29

How do T cells recognize antigens?

Back 29

Only recognize antigens that are presented to them by APC's.

Front 30

Describe the action of APC's:

Back 30

Phagocytose, catabolize and process antigens.
Attach epitopes to MHC II molecules on Plasma membrane, and present it to T cells.

Front 31

Where are APC's located?

Back 31

Nodules of lymph nodes
Marginal zone of spleen
Papillary layer of dermis
Sinusoids of liver

Front 32

What are the three groups of T cells?

Back 32

Naive T cells, Memory T cells, and Effector T cells.

Front 33

What are the three types of effector T cells?

Back 33

T helper cells, cytotoxic T cells, and regulatory T cells.

Front 34

What cells make up the innate immune system?

Back 34

complement, macrophages, neutrophils, and Natural killer cells.

Front 35

series of blood-borne proteins that attack microbes that found their way into the bloodstream.

Back 35

complement

Front 36

Cytokines that are released by lymphocytes are known as

Back 36

interleukins

Front 37

TH2 displays?
recognizes an epitope on?
releases?

Back 37

CD4
epitope on B cell
IL-4, IL-5, IL-6

Front 38

TH1 displays?
recognizes an epitope on?
releases?

Back 38

CD4
epitope associated with MHC-II molecules on APC's
IL-2

Front 39

Tc display?
recognize an epitope on?
secrete?

Back 39

CD8
epitope associated with MHC-I molecules
Perforin

Front 40

How does perforin kill viral infected cells?

Back 40

inserts into the PM of host cell creating holes in the plasma membrane. This causes the cell to lyse.

Front 41

5 types of antibodies made by plasma cells?

Back 41

IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM

Front 42

Name the antibody: Present in sweat, milk, and salvia; decreas chances of pathogens adhering to epithelial membranes

Back 42

IgA

Front 43

Name the antibody:
bound to external surface of B-lymphocytes, functions as antigen receptor and is important in B-cell activation.

Back 43

IgD

Front 44

Name the antibody:
secreted by plasma cells in skin and moist epithelial membranes; stem region is bound to surface of mast cell and basophil and when receptor interacts with appropriate antigen, cells release content of secretory granules

Back 44

IgE

Front 45

Name the antibody:
80% of circulating antibodies; principal antibody to the primary and secondary imune responses. Crosses placenta- confers passive immunity from mother to fetus.

Back 45

IgG

Front 46

Name the antibody:
attatched to surface of B cells and acts as antigen receptors; first to be released during primary response, agglutination.

Back 46

IgM

Front 47

Any foreign substance that elicits an immune response

Back 47

antigen

Front 48

Each T cell has a T-cell receptor (TCR) and cluster of differentiation (CD) What do each of these recognize on?

Back 48

TCR-epitope
CD-type of MHC molecule

Front 49

Activated T helper cells also release _____ , which facilitates the expression of class II MHC by many more APC's, resulting in the amplification of the number of APCs capable of presentign epitopes.

Back 49

T-INF

Front 50

Three main ways antibody-antigen complexes induce antigen destruction.

Back 50

1. Simple neutralization of soluble antigen
2. oponisation- coat bacteria!
3. complement activation- activate 20 soluble proteins which will 1)act as opsonins, 2)act as chemotaxins attractign neutrophils or 3) create holes in the pm of pathogenic cells resulting in the lysis of that cell.

Front 51

T memory cells recognize which MHC class?

Back 51

Both

Front 52

Are CD8 cells that fashion in repressing the immune response by inhibiting T helper cells activity.

Back 52

T suppressor cells

Front 53

What organ of the body is a blood filter?

Back 53

spleen

Front 54

Characteristics of the _____ cortex:
-produce only T cells
-no nodules, plasma cells, reticular cells or fibers

Back 54

Thymic