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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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lymphatic capillaries & vessels
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carries fluid one direction from tissues to circulatory system
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lymphatic vessels
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resemble small veins
where lymphatic capillaries join one way valves |
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right lymphatic duct
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where lymphatic vessels from right upper limb and right head, neck, chest empty
empties into right subclavian vein |
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thoracic duct
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rest of body empties from lymphatic vessels
empties into left subclavian vein |
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palatine tonsils
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on each side of oral cavity
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pharyngeal tonsils
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near internal opening of nasal cavity
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lingual tonsils
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posterios surface of tongue
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lymph nodes
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round structures vary in size
located near lymphatic vessels groin armpit neck lymph passes through lymph nodes before entering blood removal of microbes by macrophages |
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spleen
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LUQ of abdomen
filters blood detect and respond to foreign substances destroy old red blood cells (after 120 days in circulation) |
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white pulp
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lymphatic tissue surrounding arteries & white blood cells
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red pulp
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contains macrophages and red blood cells that connect to veins
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thymus gland
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bilobed gland
located on sternum stops growing at age 1-2 produces and matures lymphocytes |
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immunity
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ability to resist damage from foreign substances
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types of immunity
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innate (genetically predetermined)
adaptive (purpose of vaccination) |
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innate immunity
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present at birth
defense against any pathogen |
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physical barriers
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first line of defense
skin and mucous membraness |
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chemical mediator
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lysozome
histamine interferon |
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white blood cell (leukocytes)
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produce in red bone marrow and lymphatic tissue that fight foreign substances
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phagocytic cells
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ingest and destroy foreign substances
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neutrophils
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first to respond to infection but die quickly
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macrophages
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monocytes ( a type of leukocyte)
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basophils
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made in red bone marrow
leave blood and enter infected tissues can release histamine |
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mast cells
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made in red bone marrow
found in skin, lungs, gastrointestinal trace, urogenital tract can realese leukotrienes |
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eosinophils
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produced in red bone marrow
release chemicals to reduce inflammation react to parasitic infections |
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natural killer (nk) cells
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type of lymphocyte
produce in red bone marrow recognize classes of cells such as tumor or virus infected cells |
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inflammatory response
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involves chemical and cells due to injury
signaled by presence of foreign substance stimulates release of chemical mediators |
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adaptive immunity
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defense involves specific recognition to a specific antiget
acquired after birth slower than innate but last longer has memory |
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antigen
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substance that stimulated immune response
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self-antigen
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molecule produced by persons body that stimulates immune system response
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antibody
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proteins the body produces in response to antigen
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stem cells (hemocytoblast)
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red bone marros
give rise to all blood cells give rise to some pre t cells and pre b cells |
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lymphocytes
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type of white blood cell
involved in adaptive immunity differentiate into specific lymphocytes such as b or t cells |
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b cells
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involved in antibody mediated immunity
mature in red bone marrow move to lymphatic tissue after mature lead to production of antibodies |
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t cells
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involved in cell mediated immunity
mediated immunity mature in thymus gland move to lymphatic tissue after mature |
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surface antigen receptors
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b cell reptors on b cells t c cell receptors on t cells
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major histocompatibility complex molecule (mhc)
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contain binding sites for antigens
hold and present a processed antigen bind to antigen receptor on b or t cells and stimulate response |
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2 types (MHC)
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mhc type 1
mhc type 2 |
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cytokines
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proteins secreted by a cell that regulates neighboring cells
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2 types of immune responses
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antibody-mediated: associated with b-lymphocytes
cell-mediated: associated with t-lymphocytes |
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antibody-mediated immunity
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effective against antigens in body fluids
effective against bacteria, viruses, toxins uses b cells to produce antibodies |
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5 immunooglobuins used to destroy antigens
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IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD
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effects of antibodies
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inactivate antigen
bind antigens together active complement cascades initiate relase of inflammatory chemicals facilitate phagocytosis |
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antibody production
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1st exposure of b cells to antigen
b cell undergoes division and forms plasma cell and memory cells |
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secondary response
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memory cells
respond when exposed to antigen that has been seen before |
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cell mediated immunity
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effective against antigens in cells and tissues
effective against bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa |
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helper t cells (Th or CD4)
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activate macrophages
help form b cells promote production of Te |
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cytotoxic T cells (Te or CD8)
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targets pathogens via non-self antigen recognition
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b cell
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responsible for producing antibodies
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