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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anti-
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against
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carcin/o
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cancerous
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immun/o
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protected, safe
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lymph/o
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lymph, lymphatic tissue
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lymphaden/o
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lymph gland
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lymphangi/o
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lymph vessel
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neo-, ne/o
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new, strange
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-oma
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tumor
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phag/o
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eat, swallow
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-plasm
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formative material of the cells
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sarc/o
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flesh, connective tissue
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splen/o
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spleen
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-tic
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pertaining to
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tox/o
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toxic, poisonous
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acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
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most advanced, and fatal, stage of HIV
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allergen
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a substance that produces an allergic reaction in an individual
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anaphylaxis (systemic reaction)
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a severe response to an allergen; the symptoms of this response develop quickly; w/o medical aid the patient can die w/in a few minutes
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antibiotic
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medications that are capable of inhibiting growth, or killing pathogenic bacterial microorganisms; they aren't effective against viral infections
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antifungal
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an agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi; example - lotrimin is topical antifungal to treat athlete's foot; this type of medication is also known as an antimycotic
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antigen
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any substance the body regards as being foreign, & includes viruses, bacteria, toxins, & transplanted tissue; immune system immediately responds to presence of antigen
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antigens-antibody reaction (immune response)
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involves binding antigens to antibodies; this reaction labels a potentially dangerous antigen so it can be recognized & destroyed by other cells of the immune system
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autoimmune disorder
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any of the large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues
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bacilli
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are rod-shaped spore-forming bacteria
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bacteria
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one-celled microscopic organisms; most bacteria are not harmful to humans
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carcinoma
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a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue; epithelial tissue forms protective covering for all internal & external surfaces of the body
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carcinoma in situ
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describes a malignant tumor in its original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissues
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complement
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a group of proteins that normally circulate in the blood of an inactive form & are activated by contact w/ nonspecific antigens (foreign blood cells or bacteria)
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cytomegalovirus (CMV)
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a member of the herpesvirus family that cause a variety of diseases; found in most body fluids, can cause serious illness
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cytotoxic drug
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a medication that kills or damages cells; these drugs are used as immunosuppressants or as antineoplastics
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ductal carcinoma in situ
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breast cancer at its earliest stage before the cancer has broken thorugh thte wall of the milk duct; this stage the cure rate is nearly 100%
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hemolytic
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the spleen has the hemolytic function of destroying worn-out red blood cells & releasing their hemoglobin for reuse
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herpes zoster (shingles)
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an acute viral infection characgterized by painful skin eruptions that follow the underlying route of an inflamed nerve; occurs when the dormant varicella (chicken-pox) virus is reactivated later
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Hodgkin's lymphoma
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is distinguished from other lymphomas by the presence of large, cancerous lymphocytes known as Reed-Sternberg cells
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human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
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a bloodborn infection in which the virus damages or kills the cells of the immune system, causing it to progressively fail, leaving body at risk or developing many life-threatening infections
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immunodeficiency disorder
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occurs when the immune response is compromised
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immunoglobulins
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bind w/ specific antigens in the antigen-antibody response; five primary types secreted by plasma cells are also known as antibodies
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immunosuppressant
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a substance that prevents or reduces the body's normal immune response; medication is admin. to prevent rejection of donor tissue & depress autoimmune disorders
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immunotherapy
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a disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing the immune response
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infectious mononucleosis
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is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV); characterized by fever, sore throat, & enlarged lymph nodes
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infiltrating ductal carcinoma
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starts in milk duct, breaks through wall of duct & invades the fatty breast tissue; this form accounts for majority of all breast cancers
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interferon
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a family of proteins produced by the T cells whose specialty is fighting viruses by slowing or stopping their multiplication
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lymphadenitis
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an inflammation of the lymph nodes; lymph nodes & lymph glands are used interchangeably
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lymphadenopathy
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any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes
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lymphangioma
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a benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lympathic system
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lymphadema
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swelling due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues
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lymphocytes
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white blood cells that are formed in bone marrow as stem cells; these cells undergo further maturation & differentiation in lymphoid tissues
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lymphokines
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produced by the T cells, direct the antigen-antibody response by signaling between the cells or the immune system; they attract macrophages to infected site & prepare to attack
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lymphoma
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general term applied to malignancies affecting lymphoid tissues; includes lymph nodes, spleen, liver, & bone marrow; 2 most common are Hodgkin's & non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
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lymphoscintigraphy
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a diagnostic test that is performed to detecct damage or malformations of the lymphatic vessels
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macrophage
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a type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills invading cells; they also remove dead cells and stimulate the action of other immune cells
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malaria
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a disease caused by a parasite that lives in certain mosquitoes & is transferred to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito
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mammography
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radiographic examination of the breasts to detect the presence of tumors or precancerous cells; resulting record is a mammogram
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metastasis
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a new cancer site that results from the spreading process; can be w/in the same body system or w/in another body system
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metastasize
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the process by which cancer spreads from one place to another; cancer moves from primary site & spreads to secondary site
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myoma
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a benign tumor made up of muscle tissue
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myosarcoma
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a malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue
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non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
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term used to describe all lymphomas other than Hodgkin's lymphoma; many different types of non-Hodgkin's - some aggressive some indolent
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opportunistic infection
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caused by a pathogen that does not normally produce an illness in healthy humans; when host is debilitated, pathogens can cause infection
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osteosarcoma
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a malignant tumor usually involving the upper shaft of long bones, the pelvis or knee
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parasite
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a plant or animal that lives on, or w/in another living organism at the expense of that organism
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pathogen
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a microorganism that causes a disease in humans; a living organism so small its only seen w/ aid of a microscope
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rabies
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an acute viral infection that is most commonly transmitted by the bite or saliva or an infected animal; signs/symptoms occur 30-90 days after bite & once develop usually is fatal
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rickettsia
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a small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, ticks, & mites; Rocky Mountain spotted fever is transmitted by the bite of infected ticks
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rubella (German measles)
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a viral infection characterized by low-grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, & a fine, pink rash; usually not severe or long lasting
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sarcoma
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a malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues - including hard tissues, soft tissues, & liquid tissues
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spirochetes
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are spiral-shaped bacteria that have flexible walls & are capable of movement
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splenomegaly
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an abnormal enlargement of the spleen; condition can be due to bleeding caused by injury, infectious disease, or abnormal function of the immune system
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staphylococci
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group of about 30 species of bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes
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streptococci
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bacteria that form a chain; many are harmless, others are responsible for strep throat, meningitis, endocarditis, & necrotizing fasciitis
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teletherapy
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radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body; with assistance of 3-d computer imaging can aim doses more precisely
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tetanus
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caused by the bacillus Clostridium tetani & is transmitted through a cut or wound; commonly known as lockjaw because it produces severe muscle spasms & can't open mouth or swallow
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toxoplasmosis
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most commonly transmitted from animals by contact w/ contaminated feces
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varicella (smallpox, chickenpox)
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caused by the herpes virus Varicella zoster and is highly contagious; symptoms - fever, rash, & 100's of itchy, fluid-filled blisters
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B-Cells
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are specialized lymphocytes that produce antibodies.
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Natural Killer Cells
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play an important role in the killing of cancer cells and cells infected by viruses.
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Plasma Cells
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develop from b cells and secrete a large volume of antibodies coded to destroy specific antigens.
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T-Cells
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their origin is the thymus, play a central role in cell mediated immunity.
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