Lymphatic System

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Lymphatic System extensive network of

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-dead end vessels
-lymph nodes
-lymphoid organs

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3 roles of lymphatic system

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- return escaped fluids (interstial fluids) back to the circulatory system
-houseand transport defense cells as lymphocytes
-transport lipids from intestines to circulatory system

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lipids are like the

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problem child in the family

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lacteals

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the lymph capillaries in small intestines that absorb lipids

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chyle

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the fatty lymph that is delivered to bloodstream

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lymph capillaries

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are closed end tubes. They capture the interstitual fluid

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cells overlap creating one-way openings

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that allow interstitial fluid in but not out

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flap-like valves open when interstitial pressure rises

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is greater than pressure w/in lymphatic capillary

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3L each day

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fluid enters lymphatic vessels each day

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once in lymph vessels called ?

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lymph ( similar to plasma w/out the proteins)

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lymph capillaries lead to

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lymph vessel
one way flow-acromial region

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lymph vessels lead to

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lymph nodes

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after leaving the nodes

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vessels merge merge into larger lymph trunks

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lymph trunks serve different body areas such as:

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lumbar trunks
subclavian trunks
intestinal trunk
bronchomedistinal trunk
jugular trunks

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lumbar trunks

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drain lymph from lower limbs

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subclavian trunks

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drain lymph from upper limbs

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intestinal trunk

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drains lymph from abdominal viscera

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bronchomedistinal trunk

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drains lymph from thoracic wall, heart, lungs

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jugular trunks

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drains head and neck

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trunks eventually merge into

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1 of 2 collecting ducts
thoracic and right lymphatic

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thoracic duct drains

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most of body

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fluids returned to circulation via the

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subclavian veins

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lymph nodes

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1-25 mm in size
600 in body
bean shaped

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lymph nodes are found in groups

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along paths of larger lymph vessels

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cervical region

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drains scalp, face, nasal cavity, pharynx

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axillary region

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drains upper limbs, upper thorax, breasts

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supratrochlear region

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drains elbow and distal areas

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inguinal region

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drains lower limbs, external genitalia, lower abdominal wall

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pelvic region

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drains pelvic viscera

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abdominal region

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drains abdominal viscera

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thoracic region

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drains thoracic viscera and thoracic wall

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nodes job

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clean fluids as they move through

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capsule (node)

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encloses node and creates subdivisions

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trabeculae (node)

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divide node into numerous lobules that house defense cells

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cortex (node)

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outer layer of node

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medulla (node)

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inner region of node

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several afferent vessels

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bring lymph into node

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defense cells monitor lymph as it

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-flows
-defense cells wait in nodes to ambush

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foreign substances get

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trapped in reticular fibers

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cleaned lymph exits through (nodes)

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efferent vessels

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hilum (nodes)

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indented area where efferent leave

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defense cells are mainly

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macrophages and lymphocytes

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lymph flow

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always under low presure (no pump)

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lymph vessels needs help (like veins)

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-valves to prevent back flow
-skeletal muscle as you move help
-breathing help
-smooth muscle larger lymph vessels have smooth muscle

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lymph nodes can get

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infected and swollen if over whelmed

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if you have swollen glands they are

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lymph nodes

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other lymphoid organs

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5 tonsils
2 palatine tonsils
1 adenoid
2 linguals

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5 tonsils

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form a ring of lymphatic tissue around entrance to pharynx and base of tongue

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2 palatine tonsils

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largest and most prone to infection
-first chance for defense cells to catch pathogen that are eaten or inhaled

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1 adenoid

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tonsils

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thymus

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-sits superior to heart in mediastinum
-where t-lymphocytes mature and become immunocompetent
-where defective T's are destroyed
-gets smaller as you age
-no direct involvement w/fighting pathogens

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spleen function

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cleens up blood

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spleen

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-does for blood what lymph nodes do for lymph
-stores some RBCs and platelets
-removes old/damaged RBCs from circulation
-served by SPLENIC artery and vein
-houses defense cells
-largest lymphoid organ

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white pulp

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occurs in tiny islands

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red pulp

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packed w/lymphocytes and macrophages
-full of blood filled sinus-area of RBC & platelet storage

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Peyers patches

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-lymphatic tissue in lower part of small intestine
-help destroy bacteria
-fetal stage before bones develop

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spleen produces

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erythrocytes

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appendix

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-lymphatic tissue at junction of small and large intestine
-helps destroy bacteria

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spleen

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damages easily
-used to remove
-liver and bone marrow take on its nodes

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all but thymus made of mainly

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loose reticular connective tissue

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malt

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mucosa associated lymphoid tissues

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MALT

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-protects passages that are open to the exterior and under constant onslaught
-these tissues contain lymphoid nodules that are not surrounded by capsule
includes (tonsils, appendix, peyers patches)

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lymphoid cancers

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hodgkins disease high cure rate
nonhodgkins lymphoma all other lymphoid cancers fifth most common cancer

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elephantitis

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parasitic worm infection from mosquito bites
-lymph builds up

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lymph drainage is important

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interference can lead to edema (swelling)