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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lymph vessels |
vessels that transport lymph back to the blood |
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Thoracic duct |
lymph collected on the left side of the body |
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Right lymphatic duct |
lymph collected on right side of body |
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Lymph nodes |
-filters lymph before it reaches venous system -provides a site for lymphatic proliferation (important for immune response |
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Spleen |
provides site for lymphocyte proliferation in response to invasion by foreign organism |
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Thymus |
-immature T cells mature in thymus to become immunocompetent -most active from birth to childhood |
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tonsils |
-found in pharynx -trap and destroy many pathogens entering through pharynx |
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Neutrophil |
-60-70% -phagocytosis of bacteria and major cell involved with inflammation |
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Lymphocyte |
-20-25% -specific immunity |
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Monocyte |
-3-8% -phagocytosis |
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Eosinophil |
-2-4% -effective against parasite infections, some phagocytosis |
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Basophil |
-.5-1% -function not clear, although known to produce histamine |
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Non-specific defenses VS Specific defenses |
-Non-specific - do not discriminate between one threat or another -Specific- provide protection against threats on individual basis |
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Physical barriers |
Secretions - ex, tears, sweat, urine, vaginal secretions |
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Phagocytes |
-remove cellular debris and microorganisms by phagocytosis -Neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils are all phagocytes |
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Natural Killer Cells (NK cells) |
-recognize and destroy abnormal cells, target infected and cancer cells -constantly monitoring called immune surveillance |
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What happens in inflammatory process and name two inflammatory chemicals |
-localized tissue response to injury -damaged tissue releases chemical to stimulate inflammatory response ex. histamine and prostaglandins |
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Complement system |
-upon activation complement proteins interact in chain reactions, resulting in destruction of foreign substance (bacteria) |
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List two ways complement system is activated |
Classical pathway - triggered by antibody presence bound to antigen (most rapid and effective) -alternative pathway- triggered by certain type of foreign material |
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Interferons |
-activated by WBC's -prevent or slow the spread of viral infection -alpha, beta, and gamma interferons |
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Cytokines |
-small secreted proteins that mediate immune and inflammatory responses -ex. interleukins and interferons |
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Antibody |
protein produced by B cells in response to stimulation by antigen |
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Antigen |
foreign substance which provokes immune response |
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B cells |
provide antibody-mediated immunity -effective against antigens |
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T cells |
-provide cell mediated immunity -effective against abnormal cells and pathogens |
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List the 5 classes of antibodies and describe |
-IgG- most common - readily cross blood vessel walls and enter tissue fluid -IgM- second most common- first antibodies to appear in response to 1st exposure -IgA- most common antibody class in mucous membrane antibody and secretions -IgD - act as antigen receptor- -IgE- found in very low concentrations in serum, participate in allergic reactions |
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Active VS Passive immunity |
Active - response of T or B cells to an antigen (ex. production of antibodies in response) -Passive - produced by transfer of antibodies from another individual (ex. IgA in breast milk) |
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Helper T cells |
stimulate the response of T and B cells- absolutely vital to immune response for antibody mediated and cell mediated immunity |
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Cytotoxic T cells |
enters peripheral tissues and destroys target cells on contact |
