Lymphatic And Immune System

Front 1

acquired immunity

Back 1

production of anitbodies and lymphocytes after exposure to an antigen

Front 2

adenoids

Back 2

mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx

Front 3

antibody

Back 3

protein produced by B cell lymphocytes to destroy anitgens

Front 4

axillary nodes

Back 4

lymph nodes in the armpit (underarm)

Front 5

B cell (B lymphocyte)

Back 5

Lymphocyte that originates in the bone marrow and transforms into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies.

Front 6

cervical nodes

Back 6

lymph nodes in the neck region

Front 7

complement system

Back 7

proteins in the blood that help antibodies and T cells kill their target

Front 8

cytokines

Back 8

proteins that aid and regulate the immune response. Examplesw are interferons and interleukins

Front 9

cytotoxic T cell

Back 9

T lymphocyte that directly kills foreign cells (Cd8+ cell or T8 Cell)

Front 10

dendrite cell

Back 10

specialized macrophage that digests foreign cells and helps B and T cells to mark antigens for destruction

Front 11

helper T cell

Back 11

lymphocyte that aids B cells and cytotoxic T cells in recognizing antigens and stimulating antibody production; also called CD4+ cell or T4 cell

Front 12

immunity

Back 12

body's ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins. this includes natural immunity and acquired immunity

Front 13

immunoglobulins

Back 13

antibodies (gamma globulins) such as IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, and IgD that are secreted by plasma cells in response to presence of an antigen

Front 14

immunotherapy

Back 14

use of immunce cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat or prevent disease

Front 15

inguinal nodes

Back 15

lymph nodes in the groin region

Front 16

interferons

Back 16

proteins (cytokines) secreted by T cells to aid and regulate the immune response

Front 17

interleukins

Back 17

proteins (cytokines) that stimulate the growth of B and T lymphocytes

Front 18

interstitial fluid

Back 18

fluid in the spaces between cells. This fluid becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries

Front 19

lymph

Back 19

thin, water fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body

Front 20

Lympha

Back 20

latin word means clear spring water

Front 21

lymph capillaries

Back 21

tiniest lymphatic vessels

Front 22

lymphoid organs

Back 22

lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland

Front 23

lymph node

Back 23

a collection of stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels

Front 24

lymph vessel

Back 24

carrier of lymph throughout the body; lymphatic vessels empty lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest

Front 25

macrophage

Back 25

large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body

Front 26

mediastinal nodes

Back 26

lymph nodes in the area between the lungs in the thoracic (chest) cavity

Front 27

monoclonal antibody

Back 27

antibody procued in a laboratory to attack antigens and to destroy cells. it is useful in immunotherapy

Front 28

natural immunity

Back 28

protection that an individual inherits to fight infection

Front 29

plasma cell

Back 29

lymphocyte that produces and secretes antibodies. it originates from B lymphocytes

Front 30

right lymphatic duct

Back 30

large lymphatic vessel in the chest that receives lymph from the upper right part of the body

Front 31

spleen

Back 31

organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells

Front 32

suppressor T cell

Back 32

lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T lymphocytes. Also called a Treg (regulatory T cell)

Front 33

T cell (T lymphocyte)

Back 33

lymphocyte that originates in the bone marrow but matures in the thymus gland; it acts directly on atigens to destroy them or produce chemicals (cytokines) such as interferons and interleukins that are toxic to antigens

Front 34

tolerance

Back 34

the ability of T lymphocytes to recognize and accept the body's own antigens as "self" or friendly.

Front 35

thoracic duct

Back 35

large lymphatic vessel in the chest that receives lymph from below the diaphragm and from the left side of the body above the diaphragm; it empties the lymph into veins in the upper chest

Front 36

thymus gland

Back 36

organ in the mediastinum that conditions T lymphocytes to react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response

Front 37

tonsils

Back 37

mass of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx

Front 38

toxin

Back 38

posion; a protein produced by certain bacteria, animals, or plants

Front 39

vaccination

Back 39

exposure of an individual to a foreign protein (antigen) that provokes an immune response.

Front 40

vaccine

Back 40

weakened or killed microorganisms, toxins, or other proteins given to induce immunity to infection or disease

Front 41

immun/o

Back 41

combining form for protection

Front 42

autoimmune disease

Back 42

means a disease producing antibodies against one's own normal cells

Front 43

immunoglobulin

Back 43

is an antibody that plays a critical role in mucosal immunity

Front 44

immunosuppression

Back 44

involves an act that reduces the activation or efficacy of the immune system

Front 45

lymph/o

Back 45

combining form for lymph

Front 46

lymphopoiesis

Back 46

formation of lymph

Front 47

lymphedema

Back 47

swelling of the lymph

Front 48

lymphocytopenia

Back 48

deficiency of lymph cells

Front 49

lymphocytosis

Back 49

increased number of lymph cells

Front 50

lymphoid

Back 50

means resembling to the lymph

Front 51

lymphaden/o

Back 51

combining form for lymph node (gland)

Front 52

lymphadenopathy

Back 52

disease condition of the lymph node

Front 53

lymphadenitis

Back 53

inflammation of a lymph node

Front 54

splen/o

Back 54

combining form for spleen

Front 55

splenomegaly

Back 55

enlargement of the spleen

Front 56

splenectomy

Back 56

removal of the spleen

Front 57

asplenia

Back 57

absence of normal spleen action

Front 58

hypersplenism

Back 58

means is an overactive spleen

Front 59

thym/o

Back 59

combining form for thymus gland

Front 60

thymoma

Back 60

malignant tumor of the thymus gland

Front 61

thymectomy

Back 61

removal of the thymus gland

Front 62

tox/o

Back 62

combining form for poision

Front 63

toxic

Back 63

means pertaining to the poison

Front 64

ana-

Back 64

prefix means again, anew

Front 65

anaphylaxis

Back 65

this is an exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity (allergy) to previously encountered foreign proteins or other antigens

Front 66

-phylaxis

Back 66

suffix means protection

Front 67

inter-

Back 67

prefix means between

Front 68

interstitial fluid

Back 68

a fluid that surrounds the cell

Front 69

-stitial

Back 69

suffix means pertaining to standing or positioned

Front 70

candidiasis

Back 70

yeast-like fungus (candida) normally present in the mouth, skin, intestinal tract, and vagina, overgrows, causing infection of the mouth (thrush), respiratory tract, and skin

Front 71

cryptococcal infection (crypto)

Back 71

yeast-like fungus (crytococcocus) causes lung, brain, and blood infection.

Front 72

cryptosporidiosis

Back 72

parasitic infection of the gastrointestinal tract and brain and spinal cord

Front 73

cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection

Back 73

virus causes enteritis (inflammation of the intestinal tract) and retinitis (inflammation of the retina at the back of the eye. Found in saliva, semen, cervical secretions, urine, feces, blood and breast milk, but usually causes disease only when the immune system is compromised

Front 74

herpes simplex

Back 74

viral infection causes small blisters on the skin of the lips or nose or on the genitals

Front 75

histoplasmosis

Back 75

(Histo) fungal infection caused by inhalation of dust contaminated with Histoplasma capsulatum; causes fever, chills, and lung infection/

Front 76

mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) complex infection

Back 76

bacterial disease manifesting with fever, malaise, night sweats, anorexia, diarrhea, weight loss, and lung and blood infections

Front 77

pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)

Back 77

one-celled organism causes lung infection, with fever, cough, and chest pain

Front 78

toxoplasmosis

Back 78

parasitic infection involving the central nervous system (CNS) and causing fever, chills, visual disturbances, confusion, hemiparesis (slight paralysis in half of the body) and seizures

Front 79

tuberculosis (TB)

Back 79

bacterial disease involving the lungs, brain, and other organs

Front 80

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Back 80

AIDS. group of clinical signs and symptoms associated with suppression of the immune system and marked by opportunistic infections, secondary neoplasms, and neurologic problems

Front 81

allergy

Back 81

abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen

Front 82

lymphoma

Back 82

malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissues

Front 83

follicular lymphoma

Back 83

composed of collections of small lymphocytes in a follicle or nodule arrangement

Front 84

large cell lymphoma

Back 84

composed of large lymphocytes that infiltrate nodes and tissues diffusely

Front 85

multiple myeloma

Back 85

malignant tumor of the bone marrow cells

Front 86

allergen

Back 86

substance capable of causing a specific hypersensitivity reaction in the body; a type of antigen

Front 87

atopy

Back 87

hypersensitive or allergic state involving an inherited predisposition. from the Greek word atopia, which means strangness

Front 88

CD4+ cells

Back 88

Helper T cells that carry the CD4 protein antigen on their surface.

Front 89

hodgkin disease

Back 89

malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in spleen and lymph node

Front 90

human immunodeficiency virus

Back 90

HIV. virus (retrovirus) that causes AIDS

Front 91

kaposi sarcoma

Back 91

malignant lesion associated with AIDS; arises from the lining of capillaries and appears as red, purple, brown, or black skin nodules

Front 92

non-hodgkin lymphomas

Back 92

group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue

Front 93

opportunistic infections

Back 93

infectious disease associated with AIDS; they occur because HIV infection lowers the body's resistance and allow infection by bacteria and parasites that normally are easily contained

Front 94

protease inhibitor

Back 94

drug that treats AIDS by blocking the production of protease, a proteolytic enzyme that helps create new viral pieces for HIV

Front 95

reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Back 95

RTI. drug that treats AIDS by blocking reverse transciptase, an ezyme needed to make copies of HIV

Front 96

wasting syndrome

Back 96

weight loss, decrease in muscular strength, appetite, and mental activity; associated with AIDS

Front 97

CD4+ cell count

Back 97

measures the number of CD4+ T cells (helper T cells) in the bloodstream of patients with AIDS

Front 98

ELISA

Back 98

screening test to detect anti-HIV antibodies in the bloodstream

Front 99

immunoelectrophoresis

Back 99

test that separates immunoglobulins

Front 100

viral load test

Back 100

measurement of the amount of AIDS virus (HIV) in the bloodstream

Front 101

computed tomography (CT) scan

Back 101

x-ray imaging produces cross-sectional and other views of anatomic structures

Front 102

CD4+ cell

Back 102

helper T cell

Front 103

CD8+ cell

Back 103

cytotoxic cell

Front 104

granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

Back 104

G-CSF. cytokine that promotes neutrophil production

Front 105

granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

Back 105

GM-CSF cytokine secreted by macrophages to promote growth of myeloid progenitor cells and their differentiation to granulocytes

Front 106

highly active antiretroviral therapy

Back 106

HAART. use of combinations of drugs that are effective against AIDS

Front 107

Hodgkin disease

Back 107

HD

Front 108

herpes simplex virus

Back 108

HSV

Front 109

interleukins

Back 109

IL1 to IL15

Front 110

kaposi sarcoma

Back 110

KS

Front 111

monoclonal antibody

Back 111

MoAb

Front 112

non-hodgkin lymphoma

Back 112

NHL

Front 113

protease inhibitor

Back 113

PI

Front 114

severe combined immunodeficiency disease

Back 114

SCID

Front 115

T4 cells

Back 115

helper T cell (lymphocyte) (same as CD4+ cell)

Front 116

T8 cell

Back 116

cytotoxic T cell (lymphocyte) (same as CD8+ cell)

Front 117

toxoplasmosis

Back 117

toxo