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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the causative agent of lyme disease? General properties? |
Borrelia burgdorferi (common to US). aka B. burgdorferi.
Irregular, loosely coiled spirochete (visible on dark-field microscopy and giemsa stain) |
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What is the reservoir for B. burgdorferi |
Small mammals such as the white-footed mouse |
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What is the vector for B. burgdorferi? |
Ixodes scapularis aka the deer tick |
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How is B. burgdorferi transmitted? What else can be transmitted this way? |
1. Tick nymphs live and feed on the rodent. 2. Tick adults transfer and live on deer 3. Tick jumps from deer to human and feeds 4. After 24-48 hours of feeding on the human, B. burgdorferi is transferred.
this tick can also transmit Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia microti. |
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What does the tick look like? |
"A poppy seed with legs" |
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Clinical findings of early (within one month) localized B. burgdorferi infection? |
Erythema migrans = bulls eye rash at bite site.
May or may not have flu-like symptoms. |
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Clinical findings of early disseminated (weeks to months) B. burgdorferi infection? |
cardiac and neurologic involvement: meningoencephalitis cranial neuropathies (e.g. Bell’s palsy), radiculitis, peripheral neuropathy, encephalopathy; carditis, including fluctuating degrees of atrioventricular heart block, sometimes with myocarditis, (usually mild).
Followed by a latent phase lasting weeks – months/years. |
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What physical exam finding is diagnostic of lyme disease |
bilateral CN7 palsy |
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Clinical findings of late disseminated (weeks to months) B. burgdorferi infection? |
arthritis of one or few large joints, often the knee; may also include subtle “Lyme encephalopathy” or polyneuropathy |
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Is a diagnostic testing necessary when erythema migrans is present? |
No, just treat it. Only use diagnostic tests for unusual or late cases (bells palsy, swollen) |
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What is the diagnostic testing process for lyme disease? |
Two-step serologic testing recommended by CDC:
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What is the treatment for stage 1 lyme with mild symptoms?
Late stage? |
Early = short course of Oral doxycycline (or amoxicillin of doxy can't be given)
Late = ceftriaxone |
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Is prolonged antibiotic therapy indicated in cases with persistent symptoms after initial therapy? |
No |
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Prevention of lyme disease? |
avoid exposure wear proper clothing use DEET perform skin inspections after potential exposure and remove ticks properly. tuck your pants into your socks |
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When do you give prophylactic antibiotics for lyme disease? |
Prophylactic antibiotics may be given if local area has high percentage of infected ticks and tick has been attached >48 hours. |
