Lying And Deception

Front 1

What are the four approaches to lying and

deception?

Back 1

1. Survival

2. Culture

3. Inconsistency

4. Truth bias

Front 2

Work together/outwit competitors, but work effectively as a group

Back 2

Survival

Front 3

Viewed as a natural part of disclosure

Back 3

Culture

Front 4

"People shouldn't lie, even though I do."

Back 4

Inconsistency

Front 5

Reasonable for us to enter daily lives with

expectations that people will tell the truth and not deceive others

Back 5

Truth bias

Front 6

Knowingly or intentionally misleading another person ex: "just kidding"

Back 6

Deception

Front 7

The conscious alternation of info a person believes to be true in order to change another's perception from what the deceiver thought they would be without the alteration

Back 7

Lying

Front 8

Effective communication

Back 8

we put ourselves in the role of the audience, using all the available means of persuasion

Front 9

Why do people lie?

Back 9

1. to save face (protecting ourselves)

2. to manage relationships

3. to exploit

4. avoid tension/conflict

5. control situations

Front 10

What are two crucial decisions of a truth teller?

Back 10

1. What to say

2. How to say

Front 11

Telling the truth is more about the need to

express oneself than on what the recipient should wear and what effects it might have

Back 11

Radical honestly

Front 12

What are the four approaches to "what is true?"

Back 12

1. the truth we feel

2. the truth we are told

3. we guide it out through reasoning

4. the truth we observe

Front 13

We "know" something is true, but the specific causes of our feelings may be difficult to identify or explain

Back 13

The truth we feel

Front 14

We rely on "the truth we feel" when:

Back 14

little information is available or making affective judgement

Front 15

we rely on other people as our source of truth, we don't have the time to investigate the truth, thus, we take it on faith

Back 15

The truth we are told

Front 16

What are the best ways that can decrease misidentification?

Back 16

1. Eyewitness should always be told the suspect might not be in lineup

2. confidence level should be documented

3. There should be double-blind administration

Front 17

Why concern ourselves with ethics?

Back 17

As individuals we can believe in trust, but also lying to get ahead. Our values not only guide our behaviors, but serve as standards we use to evaluate the behavior of others

Front 18

What are the four approaches to "is it ever right to lie?":

Back 18

1. no, never right

2. not right to lie, except as a last resort

3. its is right when it serves your purpose

4. sometimes right, sometimes isn't

Front 19

When people conform to facts and accuracy:

Back 19

Veracity principles

Front 20

Deception is central to four of Green's Laws:

Back 20

1. conceal intentions

2. say less than necessary

3. use selective honestly to disarm victims

4. play a sucker to catch a sucker

Front 21

What is considered when determining if lying is right or wrong?

Back 21

Motives and consequences

Front 22

Primary goals are to survive and reproduce:

Back 22

nonhuman deception

Front 23

change color or body to look like a face

Back 23

morphology

Front 24

Four levels of Deception:

Back 24

1. Appearance

2. Coordination of Perception and Action

3. Learning

4. Planning

Front 25

trial and error = learn what will or will not result in particular consequences:

Back 25

learning

Front 26

signature patterns of deception:

Back 26

1. resource extraction rate

2. community integration

3. detectability

Front 27

What are the three skills kids need to develop to lie?

Back 27

1. perspective taking

2. understanding intentionality

3. communication skills

Front 28

ages 2-3

Back 28

1. "take away" "peek-a-boo"

2. children make false statements

3. reality is enriched by their fantasy life

Front 29

ages 3-6

Back 29

1. develop a sense of understanding for false

beliefs

2. children alter their messages according to

perceived listener knowledge

Front 30

ages 5-9

Back 30

1. developing/maintaining new relationships and tasks

2. some children gain confidence, others

discover they have a lot to learn

3. first time child "gets away with a lie"

Front 31

ages 7-12

Back 31

1. develop adult-like deception skills

2. think about truth and lying differently

3. keep secrets from parents, hold more

responsibility

Front 32

Which age group tells prosocial lies?

Back 32

ages 5-9

Front 33

Which age group tells false statements

Back 33

ages 2-3

Front 34

What age group starts keeping secrets?

Back 34

ages 7-12

Front 35

What age group alter their messages with

listener in mind?

Back 35

ages 3-6

Front 36

reasons why children lie during early childhood:

Back 36

1. desire to avoid punishment2. getting one's way3. joking 4. didn't know any better

Front 37

reasons why children lie during adolescence:

Back 37

1. peer relationships - want to be popular/excepted

2. authority figures - challenge those in power

3. growing independence

Front 38

What two components are critical to children testifying in court?

Back 38

1. competency - wheeler v. united states

2. suggestibility

Front 39

a motivated unawareness of conflicting knowledge in which threatening knowledge is selectively filtered from consciousness

Back 39

Self-deception

Front 40

levels of self-deception:

Back 40

1. levels of awareness

2. motivated, but not necessarily intentional

3. content

4. social/psychological process

Front 41

you want something to be false, but it's true:

Back 41

twisted self-disclosure

Front 42

use moral credentials gained from good

behavior in the past to justify behaving badly in the present ex: working out and then eating a donut

Back 42

preemptive

Front 43

make decisions to benefit oneself ex: better score on a test you graded yourself over being graded by someone else

Back 43

concurrent