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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Instances when the amount of particles would be reduced for a patient.
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Pulmonary Hypertension Right to Left Heart Shunt |
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Why does PE show as a wedge shaped defect on a scan?
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Because bronchi usually branch off in a tree shaped form, so when one is blocked the rest of the bronchiole and alveoli will not show up on our images. |
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What exactly is occurring when a patient has a R - L shunt and what does that have to do with perfusion lung scan?
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Right to Left shunt is when blood moves from the right side of the heart to the left side of the heart, if we give the full does we will increase particle flow to the kidney brain and stomach. |
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When taking images for ventilation scan using Xe133 and 99mTC DTPA aerosol - identify two differences. |
Xe133 - mask - zero pressure room - only one view |
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Tachycardia
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increased heart rate. usually above 100bpm |
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Dyspnea |
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Infarction |
area of dead tissue - no blood supply |
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Embolism |
obstruction in a blood vessel |
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Peripheral occlusion |
obstruction or closure of the outer part of an organ or vessel |
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Pleuritic |
Pertaining to the membrane surrounding the lungs |
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Hemoptysis
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coughing up blood |
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Syncope
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fainting |
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Orthopnea |
Hard time breathing when laying flat |
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DVT |
deep vein thrombosis |
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Right to Left Shunt |
Small hole that allows blood to flow from right side of heart into left side of heart |
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Pulmonary hypertension
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High blood pressure in pulmonary arteries |
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Congestive Heart Failure |
heart isn't pumping properly resulting in the insufficient supply of blood and oxygen to the cells in the body. Also can interfere with the movement of bodily fluids. |
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Three important steps to take when injecting a patient with MAA
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1. Agitate vial 2. Lay patient supine and have them take deep breathes before and after 3. limit blood draw back |
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What is the purpose for a XR in the diagnosis of PE.
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Just to suggest the presence of PE |
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What is a pulmonary embolism |
Blockage of a pulmonary artery in the lungs by a blood clot or other foreign matter like fat or tumor. |
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Most common symptom of PE
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Diagnostic Tests that can be performed to evaluate PE. |
Spiral CT, V/Q scan, chest XR, blood test, angiogram, MRI
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PIOPED |
Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis, designed to evaluate effective diagnostic techniques of PE. |
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Why aren't angiograms performed on all patients? |
- vessel damage, kidney failure, contrast allergies |
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Advantages of MRI for PE |
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Disadvantages of CT for PE
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contrast required holding breath required |
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What is the particle size for MAA? |
10-90um |
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What is the treatment for PE? |
Blood thinners - heparin, coumadin |
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What is the brand name for MAA? |
Technescan |
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What preservative is added to MAA vial? |
NONE |
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What is the particle size found in MAA vial? |
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How long does it take the particles to reach the lung once injected? |
1 -- 5 minutes |
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Where will the particle smaller than 10 microns end up once injected? |
The reticuloendothelial system ( spleen, bone marrow and liver) |
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What happen to the particles after they have been in the lung for awhile?
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They start to erode and pass to the reticuloendothelial system. |
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If a patient has shunt will we see MAA in the lungs?
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If the shunt is working correctly we WILL see it in the lungs. |
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If a patient has a R-L shunt what will happen to the particles? |
They will mix with peritoneal fluid they cleary rapidly or slowly into the blood system. |
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What must 99TC not contain!
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oxidizing agents |
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What will happen if the vial or syringe sits for awhile? |
Particles will settle and become non homogenous, resulting in a non uniform distribution of RRX in the lugs so it must be mixed, after 8 hours you shouldn't use it at all. |
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What are the two things that are done to prevent the particles from clumping any further.
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Protect from air - swirl - don't use after 8 hours - don't mix with blood. |
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What is the critical organ for lung imaging?
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LUNG |
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Once 99mtc is added to the vial what needs to be done? |
Agitate for a few seconds and let sit at room temp for 15 min. |
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What is the recommended adult does of MAA?
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1-4mci |
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What is the max activity that can be added to a vial? |
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What is the minimum volume that 99mTC can be? |
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What is the average particle size for MAA? |
10-90 um |
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What happens to particles after thy have been |
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