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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Main Point (sample question phrasings)
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What is the author’s main point?
The main conclusion drawn in the author’s argument is that….
The argument is structured to lead to which on the following conclusions? |
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Necessary Assumption (sample question phrasings)
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Whichof the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?
Theargument above assumes which of the following? The writer’s argument depends on which of thefollowing? |
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Main Point (act)
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Identify the conclusion and premises * Be careful not to fall for the opposite When down to two choices, look for extremewording and relevance to eliminate one choice. |
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Necessary Assumption (act)
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Identify the conclusion, premises, andassumptions of the author If you are having trouble finding assumption,look for a gap between two different ideas in the argument The assumption will always at least mildlystrengthen the author’s conclusion and is NECESSARY for the conclusion tofollow from the information provided. When down to two choices, negate each statementto see if the argument falls apart. If it does, that’s your answer. |
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Sufficient Assumption(sample questions)
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Which one of the following, if assumed, would enable theconclusion to be properly drawn? The conclusion follows logically if which one ofthe following is assumed? |
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Sufficient Assumption (acts) |
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Identify the conclusion, premises, and assumptions of the author. Eliminatedanswer choices that bring in new information |
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weaken (sample questions) |
Which one of the following, if true, would most underminethe author’s conclusion? Which of the following statements, if true,would most call into question the results achieved by the scientists? |
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weaken (Act) |
Identify the conclusion, premise, andassumptions of the author Read critically, looking for instances in whichthe author made large leaps in logic… Then, when you go to the answer choices, lookfor a choice that has the most negative impact of that leap in logic Assume all choices to be hypothetically true |
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Strengthen (sample questions) |
Which one of the following statements, if true, would mostsupport the author’s conclusion?
Which of the following statements, if true, would strengthenthe author’s argument? Which of the following principles, ifestablished, justifies the actions taken by Mia in the argument above? |
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strengthen (Act) |
Identify the conclusion, premise, and assumptionof the author Read critically, looking for where the authormade large leaps in logic. Then, when you go to the answer choices, lookfor a choice that has the most positive impact on that gap. Assume all choices to be hypothetically true. |
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resolve (sample questions)
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Identify the conclusion, premise, and assumptionof the author Read critically, looking for where the authormade large leaps in logic. Then, when you go to the answer choices, lookfor a choice that has the most positive impact on that gap. Assume all choices to be hypothetically true. |
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resolve (acts)
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* Identify the apparent discrepancy or paradox Assume all choices to hypothetically true. |
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inference (sample question) |
* Identify the apparent discrepancy or paradox Assume all choices to hypothetically true. |
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inference (Act) |
Readcarefully, paying close attention to qualifying language, and then go to answerchoices. -Once there, cross off any answer choices that are not directly supported byevidence in the passage. - Look for relevance and extreme language toeliminate answer choices. |
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reasoning (sample questions) |
Theargument proceeds by
Leahresponds to Kevin by doing which of the following?
Themethod the activist use to object to the developer’s argument is to….
Dr.Jacobs does which of the following? Whichone the following most accurately describes the role played in the argument bythe claim that… |
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reasoning (act) |
* Take this description and rigorously apply it to all the answer choices\ Crossout anything that doesn’t appear in the argument. |
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flaw (sample questions) |
Which of the following indicated a flaw in the author’sreasoning?
The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable tocriticism on the grounds that the argument…. The argument above relies on which of thefollowing questionable techniques? |
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flaw (act) |
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State in your own words what the problem with the argument is Eliminatethe answers that don’t match; look for the answer that addresses theassumption |
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Principle Match -sample questions |
The reasoning above most closely conforms to which of thefollowing principles? Which of the following examples conforms mostclosely to the principle given in the argument above? |
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Principle Match - act |
Make sure you know in which direction theargument flows. Are you being asked to find a principle that conforms to asituation, or a situation that conforms to a principle? Once you’re sure, look for an answer that mostclosely matches the general principle underlying the argument. |
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Parallel the Reasoning (sample questions)
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Parallel the Reasoning (sample questions)
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Parallel the Reasoning (act)
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Parallel-the-Reasoning questions will eithercontain flawed or valid reasoning, and the question will tip you off. Try to diagram the argument and then diagrameach of the answer choices, comparing each one |
