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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of joint is the knee joint?
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synovial and hinge (but noe true hinge b/c flex/ext is combined with rotation
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What bones are in the knee joint?
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lat condyle of femur with lat meniscus and lat condyle of tibia; med condyle of femur with med meniscus and med condyle of tibia; patellar surface of femur with patella
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What muscle stabilizes knee joint?
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quadriceps femoris
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How does the femur and tibia move when foot is on ground?
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tibia stationary and femur moves on tibia
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How does the femur and tibia move when the foot is off the ground?
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femur is stationary and tibia moves on femur
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What occurs in locking of the knee?
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knee is extended and femur is rotated medially and tibia is rotated laterally
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What lines the inner surface of the fibrous capsule of the knee?
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synovial membrane
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What muscle forms the ligamentum patellae?
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distal part of quadriceps femoris
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Where does the tibial collaral ligament attach?
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medial meniscus
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Where does the fibular collateral ligament attach?
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head of fibula, it is separated from the lateral meniscus by tendon of popliteus
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Generally describe the cruciate ligaments
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intracapsular but extrasynovial
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Function of ACL?
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taut when knee is fully extended and prevents post displacement of femur on tibia
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Function of PCL?
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taut during flexion and prevents ant displacement of femur on tibia
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Describe attachments of medial meniscus
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is C shaped, outer border attached to fibrous capsule and tibial collateral ligament, inner border free
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Describe attachments of lateral meniscus
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freely moveable, tendon of popliteus separates lat meniscus from fibrous collateral lig
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What knee bursa communicates with joint cavity?
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suprapatellar bursa
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Where is the anserine bursa?
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(pes anserinus) b/t tibial collateral lig and tendons of sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinous
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What are the 5 vessels that supply the knee joint?
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descending genicular br of femoral, des br of lat circumflex femoral, genicular br of popliteal, recurrent br f ant tibial, circumflex fibular
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What in the innervation of the knee joint?
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br of femoral and obturator and genicular br of tibial and common peronial
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What muscle unlocks the knee? And how does in unlock?
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popliteus, lat rotates femur
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What nerve is the knee jerk test testing?
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femoral n
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What is housemaid's knee?
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inflammation of prepatellar bursa
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What is Baker's cyst?
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poplitel bursitis
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What are popliteal cysts?
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fluid in synovial membrane of knee or distensions of gastrocnemius or semimembranous bursa
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Where and how does a meniscal tear occur?
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with semiflexed knee in football and vollyball players; occurs in med meniscus b/c of its attachment to tibial collateral lig, central meniscus in avascular=does not heal easily
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What is a meniscal tear torn along the long axis?
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bucket-handle tear
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What is the most common injury with skiing accidents?
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ACL
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Where in the knee joint do you do aspiration?
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on the sides of lig patellae
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What is patellofemoral syndrome?
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pain deep to patella due to excessive running
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What is genu valgum?
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knock knee due to medial condyle of femur going more medial
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What is genu varum?
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bow leg due to outward curving of lower limb
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Where and what type of joint is the sup tibiofibular joint? inn?
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synovial, b/t lat condyle of tibia and head of fibula; n to popliteus and common peronial n
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Where and what type of joint is the middle tibiofibular joint?
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fibrous, b/t shafts of tibia and fibula and containing the interosseus membrane
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Where and what type of joint in the inferior tibiofibular joint? inn?
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fibrous, lower ends of tibia and fibula; deep peronial n, tibial n, saphenous n
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What type of joint in the ankle joint?
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synovial, hinge variety
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What is the function of the medial ankle lig?
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(deltoid lig) stabilizes ankle joint during eversion and prevents subluxation
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What is the inn of the ankle joint?
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ant and post tibial n
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What are the movements of the ankle joint?
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dorsiflextion and plantar flexion
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What most commonly occurs in an ankle sprain?
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lat lig of ankle is torn with eversion inury
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What is the function of the spring lig of the foot?
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(plantar calcaneovicular lig) maintains long arch of foot
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What causes plantar fasciitis?
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inflammation of plantar aponeurosis
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What causes cacaneal spur?
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ossification in post attachment of plantar aponeurosis
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The medial plantar a is a br of what a? It anastosomes with?
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post tibial a; anastomoses with 1st dorsal metatarsal a
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The lat plantar a is a br of what a?
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post tibial a
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What a forms the plantar arch?
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deep plantar br of lat plantar a and dorsalis pedis a
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What are the br of the plantar arch?
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4 plantar metatarsal a that divide into digital a
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What inn the 1st lumbrical?
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1st common digital n, a br of medial plantar n
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What inn the lat 3 lumbricals?
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deep br of lat plantar n
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What inn the first 2 plantar interossei and first 3 dorsal interossei?
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deep br of lat plantar n
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What inn the 3rd plantar interosseous and 4th dorsal interosseous?
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superficial br of lat plantar n
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What nerves is the plantar reflex testing?
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L4,5, S1,2,3
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What is the normal and abn response to the plantar reflex?
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normal=plantar flexion of toes;
abn=dosiflexion and fanning of toes (Babinski sign) indicating corticospinal tract damage |
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What causes flat foot?
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subluxation of head of talus and collapse of all arches leading ot pes planus
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What causes hammer toe?
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weakness of interossei and lumbicals
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