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145 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The skin of the gluteal region is innervated by
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cluneal nerves
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Superior and middle cluneal nerves are branches of...
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dorsal primary rami
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Inferior cluneal nerves are branches of
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posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
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What vein passes posterior to the lateral malleolus at the ankle?
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Small saphenous
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From what does the small saphenous vein arise?
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Lateral end of dorsal venous arch
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the small saphenous vein passes through deep fascia to join
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popliteal vein
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what nerve runs parallel to the small saphenous vein?
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sural nerve
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From where does the great saphenous vein originate?
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the medial end of the dorsal venous arch of teh foot
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What vein passes anterior to the medial malleolus?
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Great Saphenous
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What drains the great saphenous vein?
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Femoral Vein
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What nerve accompanies the great saphenous vein in the leg?
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saphenous nerve
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What superficial veins join the great saphenous vein near its proximal end?
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superficial external pudendal, superficial epigastric and superficial circumflex iliac
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What drains the skin and superficial fascia of the medial thigh?
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accessory saphenous vein
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What nerve passes deep to the inguinal ligament and innervates the skin of the lateral thigh
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lateral femoral cutaneous
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What nerve innervates skin of anterior thigh and are lateral to the great saphenous
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anterior cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve
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What nerve innervates the skin of the medial thigh
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cutaneous branches of the obturator nerve
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The saphenous nerve is a branch of what nerve?
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Femoral
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What nerve innervates the anterior and medial aspects of the leg and medial side of the ankle and foot?
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Saphenous
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What innervates the dorsum of the foot?
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superficial fibular nerve
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From what nerve do the dorsal digital nerves originate?
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superficial fibular nerve
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What nerve innervates the skin between the 1 and 2 toes
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dorsal digital branches of the deep fibular nerve
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Superficial inguinal lymph nodes collect lymph from..
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lower limb, lower anterior abdominal wall, gluteal region, perineum and external genitalia
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Superficial inguinal lymph nodes drain into
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deep inguinal lymph nodes
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The anterior compartment of the thigh contains five muscles:
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sartorius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius and vastus medialis
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The femoral artery passes through what compartment of the thigh?
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Anterior
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The femoral sheath does NOT envelope..
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Femoral nerve
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What are the borders of the femoral triangle?
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Superior: inguinal ligament
Lateral: Sartorious Medial: Adductor longus |
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Where is the pulse of the femoral artery palpated?
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3cm inferior to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament
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What three small arteries arise from the femoral artery just distal to the inguinal ligament?
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Superficial external pudendal, superficial epigastric and superficial circumfles iliac
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What three large arteries arise in the femoral triangle?
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Deep artery of the thigh, lateral circumflex and medial circumflex
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The skin of the gluteal region is innervated by
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cluneal nerves
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Superior and middle cluneal nerves are branches of...
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dorsal primary rami
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Inferior cluneal nerves are branches of
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posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
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What vein passes posterior to the lateral malleolus at the ankle?
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Small saphenous
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From what does the small saphenous vein arise?
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Lateral end of dorsal venous arch
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the small saphenous vein passes through deep fascia to join
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popliteal vein
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what nerve runs parallel to the small saphenous vein?
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sural nerve
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From where does the great saphenous vein originate?
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the medial end of the dorsal venous arch of teh foot
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What vein passes anterior to the medial malleolus?
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Great Saphenous
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What drains the great saphenous vein?
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Femoral Vein
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What nerve accompanies the great saphenous vein in the leg?
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saphenous nerve
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What superficial veins join the great saphenous vein near its proximal end?
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superficial external pudendal, superficial epigastric and superficial circumflex iliac
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What drains the skin and superficial fascia of the medial thigh?
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accessory saphenous vein
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What nerve passes deep to the inguinal ligament and innervates the skin of the lateral thigh
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lateral femoral cutaneous
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What nerve innervates skin of anterior thigh and are lateral to the great saphenous
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anterior cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve
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The femoral artery courses between what muscles?
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sartorius and adductor longus
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The deep artery of the thigh courses ..
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parallel to teh femoral a. but posterior to the adductor longus m.
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What artery supplies the medial and posterior compartments of the thigh?
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Deep artery of the thigh
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What artery supplies the lateral part of the thigh
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lateral circumflex artery
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The floor of teh femoral triangle is formed by
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the iliopsoas and pectineus muscles
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What canal do the femoral vessels pass through to get to the popliteal fossa?
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adductor canal
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Name the attachments of the sartorius muscle
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Distal: medial surface of the tibia
Proximal: ASIS |
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What lies in the adductor canal?
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femoral vessles and the nerve to vastus medialis and the saphenous nerve
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Name the four parts of the quadriceps femoris
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rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius and vastus medialis
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What is the ultimate attachment of the quadriceps femoris?
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The tibial tuberosity
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What is the action of the rectus femoris m.
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Flexes thigh and extends leg
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Name the 5 muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh
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adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis and obturator externus
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What is the function of all of the muscles in the middle compartment of the thigh?
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Adduct the thigh
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What is the action of the gracilis mucsle
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adducts thigh and assists in flexion of LEG
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Name the muscles whose proximal attachment is the public bone
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pectineus, adductor longus and gracilis
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What is the action of pectineus?
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adduct the thigh
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What artery passes between the pectineus and adductor longus muscles?
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Deep artery of the thigh
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What muscle separates anterior from posterior branches of the obturator nerve?
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Adductor brevis
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What are the actions of the adductor magnus muscle?
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Adducts and EXTENDS the thigh
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What is the action of the obturator externas
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laterally rotates the thigh
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What nerve innervates the muscles of themedial compartment of the thigh
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obturator
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What nerve supplies the gulteus maximus
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Inferior gluteal
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What is the action of the gluteus medias
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abducts thigh
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What is the action of the periformis muscle?
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laterally rotates thigh
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What nerves and vessels appear at the inferior border of teh piriformis muscle?
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sciatic n., posterior cuteneous n. of thigh, inferior gluteal vessels, inferior gluteal n., pudendal n., interal pudendal vessels
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What nerve lies on the medial side of the sciatic nerve?
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Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh.
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What muscle exits the lesser pelvis by passing through the lesser sciatic foramen?
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Obturator internus
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What is the action of the obturator internus
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laterally rotates the thigh
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What is the action of the glemellus muscles
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laterally rotates thigh
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What is the action of the quadratus femoris
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laterally rotates thigh
is located inferior to the inferior gemellus |
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What is the action of the gluteus medius?
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Abducts thigh
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What is the action of the tensor fascia lata?
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Abducts and medially rotates thigh
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What muscles laterally rotate the thigh?
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piriformis, obturator internus, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus and quadratus femoris
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Name the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh
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biceps femoris, semimembranosus and semitendinosis
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What are the attchments of the long head of the biceps femoris?
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Priximal: ischial tuberosity
Distal: head of the fibula |
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Injury to teh sciatic nerve causes
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paralysis of the flexors of teh knee and all muscles below the knee, and widespread numbness of the skin of teh posterior aspect of the lower limb
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What are the borders of the popliteal fossa
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Superolateral- biceps femoris
Superomedial-semitendinosis and semimembranosis m. Inferolateral and medial - gastrocnemius m. Posterior - skin/fascia Anterior - popliteal surface of the femur and popliteus muscle |
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What muscles converge on the proximal end of teh tibia in an arrangement known as pes anserinus.
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sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus
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What are the 7 tarsal bones?
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Talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid and three cuneiform
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Name the four muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg
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tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus and fibularis tertius
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What nerve innervates the anterior compartment?
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Deep fibular nerve
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What are transverse thickenings of teh deep fascia of the leg that hold tendons in place?
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retinacula
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What is the action of the tibialis anterior muscle?
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dorsiflexes and inverts the foot
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What is the action of extensor hallucis longus
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extends teh great toe and dorsiflexes the foot
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What is the action of extensor digitorum longus
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extends the toes and dorsiflexes the foot
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The anterior tibial artery runs between what two muscles?
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extensor digitorum longus and tibialis anteriorz: it also lies on the anterior border of the interosseous membrane
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What nerve joins the anterior tibial artery just below the knee?
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Deep fibular nerve
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What nerve supplies the motor component of the anterior compartment of the leg and dorsum of the foot?
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deep fibular nerve
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What does the anterior tibial artery change to when it crosses the ankle joint?
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dorsalis bedis artery
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What muscles share a belly that attaches to the calcaneus?
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Extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis; extend toes 1-4 and are innervated by deep fibular n.
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From what artery do the dorsal metatarsal arteries originate?
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Arcuate artery
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What nerve innervates the extensor hallicus brevis and extensor digitorum brevis?
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Deep fibular nerve
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What nerve innervates the dorsum of the foot.. except the skin between the great toe and second toe?
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superficial fibular nerve (the deep fibular nerve innervates skin btwn toes 1 and 2)
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All muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg and dorsum of the foot are innervated by...
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Deep fibular nerve
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What are the two muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?
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fibularis brevis and fibularis longus
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What is the nerve of the lateral compartment of the leg?
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superficial fibular
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What is the group action of the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?
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evert the foot and plantar flexion of foot
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What is the most commonly injured nerve in the body?
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common fibular because of its superficial position with relation to the head and neck of the fibula
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The superficial posterior group of the leg contains what three muscles?
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gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris
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What is the group action of the superficial posterior muscles of the leg?
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Plantar flexion of the foot
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The deep posterior group of the leg contains what four muscles?
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popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallicis longus
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What is the group action of the deep posterior muscles of the leg?
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inversion of the foot, plantar flexion of the foot and flexion of the toes
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What nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the leg?
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tibial nerve
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What are the attachments of the gastrocnemius?
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Proximal: femoral condyles
Distal: calcaneal tuberosity |
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Where are the tibial nerve and posterior tibial vessels located as they course down the leg?
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the transverse intermuscular septum
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Where does the popliteal artery bifurcate?
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inferior border of the popliteus to for posterior tibeal arter and anterior tibial artery
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What is the action of the popliteus muscle?
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Unlocks the knee and is a weak flexor of the leg
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What lies between the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus muscles?
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posterior tibial artery and tibial nerve
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What artery courses between the tibialis posterior muscle and the flexor hallucis longus m.?
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Fibular artery
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What supports the longitudinal arch?
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Plantar aponeurosis
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What are the muscles of the 1st layer of the foot?
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abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi
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What are the muscles of the 2nd layer of the foot?
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quadrutus plantae, lumbricals
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What are the muscles of the 3rd layer of the foot?
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flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallicis, flexor digiti minimi brevis
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What are the muscles of the 4th layer of the foot?
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extensor digitorum brevis, extensor hallucis brevis.
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What forms the great saphenous vein?
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the dorsal vein of the big toe and the doral venous arch
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What forms the small saphenous vein?
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dorsal vein of the little toe and dorsal venous arch of the foot
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What vein does the small saphenous vein join?
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popliteal
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The femoral nerve comes from which rami?
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L2-L4
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The obturator nerve comes from which rami?
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L2-L4
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The Superior gluteal nerve comes from what rami?
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L4-S1
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The inferior gluteal nerve comes from what rami?
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L5-S2
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What nerve travels with the great saphenous vein?
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saphenous nerve (innervates skin of teh medial side of leg and foot)
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What nerve travels with the small saphenous vein?
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Sural
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The common fibular nerve comes from what rami?
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L4-S2
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The tibial nerve somes from what rami?
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L4-S3
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What results from an injury to the superior gluteal nerve?
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function of the glut. min and max. are lost; (ability to pull pelvis down and abduction of thigh are lost); "waddling gait" (Positive trendelenburg sign)
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What results from an injury to the inferior gluteal nerve?
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Gluteus maximus function is lost; ability to rise from a seated position, climb stairs or jump is lost; patient will lean back at heel strike
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What results from an injury to the common fibular nerve?
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eversion of the foot is lost, dorsiflexion lost, extensio of toes lost, sensory loss on anterolateral leg and dorsum of foot
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What results from an in jury to the tibial nerve?
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Inversion of foot weakened, plantar flexion lost, flexion of toes lost, sensory on sole of foot lost, patient cannot stand on toes
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Where do the superior and inferior gluteal vessels and nerve emerbe?
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superior are superior to piriformis and inferior are inferior to piriformis
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Where is a safe place to do an IM guteal injection?
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superolateral portion of the buttock
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What ligament carries the artery to the head of the femur?
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Ligamentum teres (HYGA p. 250)
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What is the largest ligament of the hip joint?
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Iliofemoral - reinforces anteriorly
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What part of NAVEL is NOT in the femoral sheath?
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the femoral nerve
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Which ligament prevents abduction of the knee joint?
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Medial collateral ligament
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Which ligament prevents adduction of the knee joint?
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Lateral colateral ligament
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What type of injury will stretch the anterior cruciate ligament?
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Hyperextension Injury
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What type of injury will stretch the posterior cruciate ligament?
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Hyperflexion Injury
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A patient with an ACL injury will have what sign?
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Anterior Drawer Sign
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A patient with a PCL injury will have what sign?
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Posterior drawer sign
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