Lower Leg Pathology

Front 1

movements at talocrural joint

Back 1

plantar flexion dorsiflexion

Front 2

movements at subtalar joint

Back 2

inversion eversion

Front 3

inversion ankle sprain

Back 3

involve lateral ligaments of ankle

Front 4

eversion ankle sprain

Back 4

involve medial ligaments of ankle

Front 5

high ankle sprain

Back 5

dorsiflexion injury; involves tibiofibular ligaments ATF & PTF long healing time

Front 6

inversion sprain history

Back 6

roll in w/ slight plantar flexion

Front 7

lateral ankle ligaments

Back 7

anterior talofibular (ATF), calcaneofibular (CF), posterior talofibular (PTF)

Front 8

most commonly sprained ankle ligament

Back 8

ATF

Front 9

medial ankle ligament

Back 9

deltoid ligament

Front 10

grade 1 ankle sprain

Back 10

only ATF involved

Front 11

grade 2 ankle sprain

Back 11

ATF & CF involved

Front 12

grad3 # ankle sprain

Back 12

ATF, CF & PTF involved

Front 13

ankle sprain treatment

Back 13

RICE, protection (horseshoe pad w/ ace wrap), wrap distally tight, work proximally & looser

Front 14

chronically weakened tendons

Back 14

can rupture

Front 15

peroneal tendonitis

Back 15

can avulse 5th met

Front 16

Achilles’ tendon rupture MOI

Back 16

forceful contraction or overstretch

Front 17

Achilles’ tendon rupture observation

Back 17

visible deformity “window shade effect”

Front 18

Achilles’ tendon rupture s/s

Back 18

can’t plantarflex, audible pop, severe pain

Front 19

Achilles’ tendon rupture commonly injured

Back 19

weekend warriors

Front 20

Achilles’ tendon rupture common location

Back 20

2-6 cm above attachment b/c most avascular area of tendon

Front 21

ankle tendinits history

Back 21

usually overuse

Front 22

difference between tibial and fibular fractures

Back 22

tibial fractures create long-term problems if mismanaged, fibular fractures have shorter immobilization

Front 23

stress fractures MOI

Back 23

repetitive loading, usually to tibia, onset gradual

Front 24

stress fractures palpation

Back 24

point tenderness @ specific spot, tuning fork will stop vibrating

Front 25

medial tibial stress syndrome

Back 25

shin splints

Front 26

shin splints history

Back 26

tibialis anterior weakness can be related to falling arches or repetitive stress @ attachment

Front 27

shin splints palpation

Back 27

pt tenderness over larger area, tuning fork will keep vibrating

Front 28

shin splints treatment

Back 28

tape attachment or arch as necessary

Front 29

tibialis posterior strengthening

Back 29

inversion, toe curling

Front 30

compartment syndromes

Back 30

acute trauma or repetitive trauma/ overuse

Front 31

compartment syndromes most likely location

Back 31

anterior compartment or deep posterior compartment, but can occur in any

Front 32

name the 4 lower leg compartments

Back 32

lateral, anterior, superficial posterior, deep posterior

Front 33

actions in superficial posterior compartment

Back 33

plantar flexion, toe flexion

Front 34

actions in deep posterior compartment

Back 34

(medial) inversion, plantar flexion, toe flexion

Front 35

actions in lateral compartment

Back 35

eversion

Front 36

actions in anterior compartment

Back 36

dorsiflexion, extend toes

Front 37

2 kinds of compartment syndrome

Back 37

exertional compartment syndrome, acute compartmental syndrome

Front 38

exertional compartment syndrome

Back 38

goes away w/o activity, not a medical emergency

Front 39

exertional compartment syndrome treatment

Back 39

fasciotomy to increase space; pressure is measured w/ a needle

Front 40

acute compartmental syndrome

Back 40

medical emergency; swelling can’t get out of compartment & puts pressure on nerves & blood, results in necrosis

Front 41

most common acute compartment syndrome

Back 41

anterior which leads to a dropped foot

Front 42

acute compartmental syndrome palpation

Back 42

check pulses, skin temp, capillary refill

Front 43

acute compartmental syndrome observation

Back 43

skin looks tight & glossy