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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The colon plays an important role in: |
reabsorption of water |
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Water absorption at the colon typically proceeds against a transmucal_______ _______ gradient. |
osmotic pressure |
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only about _______ mL/day of water is lost in feces. |
100 |
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Causes of Acute Infectious Diarrhea: |
Viral: rotavirus Bacterial: C. Diff, E. Coli Parasitic |
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Risk factors of diarrhea: |
fecal-oral contamination undercooked food (salmonella) contaminated water genetic susceptibility gastric acidity Intestinal Microflora Immunocompromised |
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Signs and symptoms of diarrhea: |
fever, headache, malaise, nausea/vomitting, abdominal pain, blood in stool |
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Complications of Diarrhea: |
dehydration electrolyte imbalances (hypokalemia 3.5-5 normal) Acid Base disturbances
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Diagnosis of diarrhea: |
find and treat the cause history and physical exam leukocytosis stool culture and exam colonoscopy capsule endoscopy |
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Fecal Incontinence Risk factors: |
motor function impairment- relaxing external anal spincter sensory function impairment- parasympathetic obstetric trauma- most common Diarrhea- urgency |
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Diagnostics for fecal incontinence: |
rectal exam abdominal xray CT sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy |
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Complications of fecal incontinence: |
surgical repair high fiber diet fluids |
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Two types of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: |
Chrons and Ulcerative Colitis |
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Chronic Inflammatory Autoimmune Disease have periods of: |
exacerbation and remission |
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Ulcerative Colitis happens in the: |
large intestine |
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Symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis: |
bloating cramping nausea vomitting diarrhea bloody stool abdominal pain weight loss fatigue |
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Ulcerative colitis is localized to the _______ layer: |
mucosal |
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Fistulas happen with Chrons or Ulcerative Colitis: |
Chrons |
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Where do fistulas occur in Chrons disease? |
between rectum and vagina (enterovaginal) |
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Common symptoms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: |
diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, & fatigue |
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Symptoms of Chrons Disease: |
Colicky Pain Weight Loss |
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Symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis: |
bloody diarrhea & cramping |
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Diagnostic studies for IBD |
colonoscopy/ sigmoidoscopy |
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outpuching of mucosa through muscular wall |
diverticulosus |
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Outpouching in diverticulosus |
Diverticuli |
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risk factors of diverticulosis |
low fiber diet obesity Age > 40 yrs old |
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Clinical manif. of diverticulosis |
range of asymptomatic to severe LLQ pain fever, leukocytosis Complications: GI bleed, diverticulitis, peritonitis |
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Diagnostic Studies of diverticulosis |
CT SCAN without Barium Swallow CBC abdominal xray ultrasound colonscopy barium enema |
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Nonmechanical Intestinal Obstruction: |
Paralytic Ileus (lack of peristalsis - no bowel sounds) Vascular Obstruction |
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True or False: Bowel sounds will be high pitched above the intestinal obstruction: |
True |
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Proximal to Intestinal Obstruction, the patient will have: |
Accum. of fluid and gas decrease of absorption of fluids increase GI secretions leads to increased osmotic pressure |
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Clinical Man of Intestinal Obstructions |
Nausea and vomitting abdominal pain Constipation abd distension absent bowel sounds low grade fever |
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Diagnostic tests for Intestinal obstruction: |
Abdominal XRay CT Scan |
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Risk factors of Colorectal Cancer: |
increased age family history history of polyps or IBD obesity smoking alcohol diet rich in red meat Men > women |
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Signs and Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer: |
VARIES GREATLY- right or left side of colon Melana- left side changes in bowel habits- left side abdominal pain or cramping - right side anemia- right weakness and fatigue- right side |
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Recommendations for patients with no established risk factors for colorectal cancer: |
sigmoidoscopy every 5 years
colonoscopy every 10 years |
