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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Posterior Abdominal Wall muscles (3)
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Quadratus lumborum
Psoas major Psoas minor |
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Quadratus lumborum
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Origin: L5 Transverse process; iliac crest
Insertion: L1-4 vertebrae; rib 12 Innervation: Lumbar plexus Action: Extends, laterally bends vertebral column |
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Psoas major
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Origin: Vertebral bodies & transverse processes of T12 & L1-5
Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur Innervation: Lumbar plexus Action: Flexes thigh at hip; stabilizes trunk |
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Psoas minor
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Origin: Vertebral bodies & transverse processes of T12 & L1
Insertion: Pectineal line of pubis Innervation: Lumbar plexus Action: Weak flexor of vertebral column |
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Pelvic & Gluteal Muscles (11 total)
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Iliacus
6 deep external hip rotators - Piriformis - Superior Gemellus - Obturator internus - Inferior Gemellus - Obturator externus - Quadratus femoris 3 Gluteals & TFL - Gluteus maximus - Gluteus medius - Gluteus minimus - Tensor fascia lata |
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Iliacus
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Origin: Iliac fossa
Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur Innervation: femoral nerve Action: flexes thigh at hip, stabilizes trunk |
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Piriformis
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Origin: Anterior surface of sacrum
Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur Innervation: Sacral plexus Action: Laterally rotates thigh; stabilizes femoral head in acetabulum |
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Superior Gemellus
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Origin: Ischial spine
Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur Innervation: Sacral plexus Action: laterally rotates thigh; stabilizes femoral head in acetabulum |
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Obturator internus
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Origin: Deep surface of obturator membrane & surrounding bone
Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur Innervation: Sacral plexus Action: Laterally rotates thigh; stabilizes femoral head in acetabulum |
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Inferior Gemellus
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Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur Innervation: Sacral plexus Action: Laterally rotates thigh; stabilizes femoral head in acetabulum |
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Obturator externus
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Origin: Superficial surface of obturator membrane & surrounding bone
Insertion: Trochanteric fossa of femur Innervation: Obturator nerve Action: Laterally rotates thigh; stabilizes femoral head in acetabulum |
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Quadratus Femoris
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Origin: Lateral border of ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Intertrochanteric crest Innervation: Sacral plexus Action: Laterally rotates thigh; stabilizes femoral head in acetabulum |
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Gluteus Maximus
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Origin: Posterior/medial surface of ilium & iliac crest; Posterior surface of sacrum & coccyx; sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion: Iliotibial tract; gluteal tuberosity Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve Action: Extends & laterally rotates thigh |
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Gluteus medius
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Origin: External surface of ilium between anterior & posterior gluteal lines
Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve Action: Abducts thigh at hip joint; keeps pelvis level over stance leg (prevents pelvic drop) |
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Gluteus minimus
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Origin: External surface of ilium between anterior & inferior gluteal lines
Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve Action: Abducts thigh at hip joint; keeps pelvis level over stance leg (prevents pelvic drop) |
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Tensor Fascia Lata
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Origin: ASIS; ant par of iliac crest
Insertion: iliotibial crest Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve Action: Weak thigh flexor at hip; tenses the fascia latae of the thigh |
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Muscles of the Anterior compartment of the thigh (6 muscles)
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2 inner thigh muscles
- Sartorius - Pectineus 4 quadriceps muscles - Rectus Femoris - Vastus lateralis - Vastus medialis - Vastus intermedius |
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Sartorius
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Origin: ASIS
Insertion: Superior part of medial surface of tibia Innervation: Femoral nerve Action: Flexes, abducts & laterally rotates thigh at hip joint; flexes leg at knee joint |
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Pectineus
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Origin: Superior pubic ramus
Insertion: Pectineal line of femur, just inferior to lesser trochanter Innervation: Femoral nerve Action: Adducts & flexes thigh; assists with medial rotation of thigh |
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Rectus Femoris
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Origin: AIIS
Insertion: Quadriceps tendon Innervation: Femoral nerve Action: Flexes thigh at hip; extends leg at knee |
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Vastus lateralis
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Origin: Greater trochanter of femur; lateral lip of linea aspera
Insertion: Quadriceps tendon Innervation: Femoral nerve Action: Extends leg at knee joint |
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Vastus medialis
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Origin: Intertrochanteric line; medial lip of linea aspera
Insertion: Quadriceps tendon Innervation: Femoral nerve Action: Extends leg at knee joint |
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Vastus intermedius
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Origin: Anterior & Lateral surface of femoral shaft
Insertion: Quadriceps tendon Innervation: Femoral nerve Action: Extends leg at knee joint |
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Muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh (4)
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Adductor longus
Adductor brevis Adductor magnus - adductor part - hamstring part Gracilis |
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Adductor Longus
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Origin: Body of pubis
Insertion: Linea aspera middle 1/3 Innervation: Obturator nerve Action: adducts & medially rotates thigh at hip joint |
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Adductor Brevis
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Origin: Body of pubis; Inferior pubic ramus
Insertion: linea aspera upper 1/3 Innervation: Obturator nerve Action: adducts thigh at hip joint |
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Adductor magnus (adductor part)
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Origin: Ischiopubic ramus
Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity & proximal linea aspera Innervation: Obturator nerve Action: adducts & medially rotates thigh at hip joint |
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Adductor magnus (hamstring part)
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Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Adductor tubercle of femur Innervation: Sciatic nerve Action: Adducts & medially rotates thigh at hip joint; extends thigh at hip joint |
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Gracilis
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Origin: Body of pubis; Inferior pubic ramus
Insertion: Medial surface of proximal shaft of tibia Innervation: Obturator nerve Action: Adducts thigh at hip joint; flexes leg at knee joint |
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Muscles of Posterior compartment of the thigh (3 hamstrings)
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Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus Biceps femoris - short head - long head |
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Semitendinosus
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Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial surface of proximal tibia Innervation: Sciatic nerve Action: Extends thigh at hip joint; flexes leg at knee joint |
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Semimembranosus
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Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia Innervation: Sciatic nerve Action: Extends thigh at hip joint; flexes leg at knee joint |
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Biceps femoris (long head)
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Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Head of fibula Innervation: Sciatic nerve Action: Extends thigh at hip joint; flexes leg at knee joint |
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Biceps femoris (short head)
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Origin: Lateral lip of linea aspera
Insertion: Head of fibula Innervation: Sciatic nerve Action: Flexes leg at knee joint |
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Muscles of the Posterior Compartment of the Leg (7 muscles)
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Superficial posterior compartment
- Gastrocnemius - Soleus - Plantaris Deep posterior compartment - Popliteus - Flexor digitorum longus - Flexor hallucis longus - Tibialis posterior |
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Gastrocnemius
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Origin: Lateral side of lateral femoral condyle (lateral head); Posterior femur superior to medial condyle (medial head)
Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon Innervation: Tibial nerve Action: Flexes leg at knee joint; plantar flexes foot at ankle joint |
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Soleus
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Origin: Soleal line of tibia; Posterior aspect of fibular head
Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon Innervation: Tibial nerve Action: Powerful plantarflexor of the foot |
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Plantaris
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Origin: Lateral supracondylar line of the femur
Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon Innervation: Tibial nerve Action: Flexes leg at knee & weakly plantarflexes foot |
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Popliteus
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Origin: Lateral condyle of femur; lateral meniscus
Insertion: Posterior surface of proximal tibia, superior to soleal line Innervation: Tibial nerve Action: “unlocks” the knee (laterally rotates femur on fixed tibia) |
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Flexor digitorum longus
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Origin: Medial side of posterior surface of tibia
Insertion: Plantar surface of bases of distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes Innervation: Tibial nerve Action: Plantarflexion of foot at ankle; flexes lateral 4 toes |
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Flexor hallucis longus
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Origin: Posterior surface of fibula & interosseous membrane
Insertion: Plantar surface of distal phalanx of great toe Innervation: Tibial nerve Action: Plantar flexion of foot at ankle; flexes great toe |
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Tibialis Posterior
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Origin: Posterior surface of interosseous membrane, tibia & fibula
Insertion: Navicular & medial cuneiform Innervation: Tibial nerve Action: Inversion of foot; plantarflexion of foot at ankle; support of medial longitudinal arch |
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First (Superficial) Layer of Plantar Foot
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Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis Abductor digiti minimi |
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Abductor hallucis
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Origin: Calcaneal tuberosity
Insertion: Medial side of base of 1st proximal phalanx Innervation: Medial plantar nerve Action: Abducts & flexes great toe at MTP joint |
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Flexor digitorum brevis
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Origin:Calcaneal tuberosity & plantar aponeurosis
Insertion: Sides of middle phalanges of lateral 4 toes Innervation: Medial plantar nerve Action: Flexes lateral 4 toes at proximal IP joints |
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Abductor digiti minimi
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Origin: Calcaneal tuberosity & plantar aponeurosis
Insertion: Lateral side of base of 5th proximal phalanx Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve Action: Abducts/flexes digit 5 at MTP joint |
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2nd Layer of Plantar Foot
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Quadratus plantae
Lumbricals (4) |
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Quadratus plantae
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Origin: Plantar surface of calcaneus
Insertion: Lateral side of tendon of flexor digitorum longus Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve Action: Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing the lateral 4 toes |
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Lumbricals (4)
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Origin: Tendons of the flexor digitorum longus
Insertion: Medial side of extensor hoods to digits 2-5 Innervation: Medial plantar nerve (1st lumbrical); Lateral plantar nerve (lumbricals 2-4) Action: Flex MTP joints; extend IP joints |
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3rd Layer of Plantar Foot
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Flexor Hallucis Brevis
Adductor Hallucis Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis |
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Flexor Hallucis Brevis
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Origin: Plantar surface of cuboid & lateral cuneiform; tendon of tibialis posterior
Insertion: Lateral & medial sides of proximal phalanx of great toe Innervation: Medial plantar nerve Action: Flexes MTP of great toe |
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Adductor Hallucis
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Origin: Plantar ligaments of lateral 3 MTP joints (transverse head); Bases of metatarsals 2-4 & sheath covering fibularis longus (oblique head)
Insertion: Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of great toe Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve Action: Adducts great toe at MTP joint |
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Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
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Origin: Base of 5th metatarsal
Insertion: Lateral side of base of 5th proximal phalanx Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve Action: Flexes digit 5 at MTP joint |
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4th (Deep) Layer of Plantar Foot
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Plantar Interossei (3)
Dorsal Interossei (4) |
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Plantar Interossei (3)
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Origin: Medial sides of metatarsals 3-5
Insertion: Medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges 3-5 Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve Action: Adduct digits 3-5 (PAD) |
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Dorsal Interossei (4)
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Origin: Adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5
Insertion: Medial side of proximal phalanx of digit 2 (1st); lateral sides of proximal phalanges of digits 2-4 (2nd-4th) Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve Action: Abducts digits 2-4 (DAB) |
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Muscles of the Dorsum of the Foot
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Extensor Digitorum Brevis
Extensor Hallucis Brevis |
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Extensor Digitorum Brevis
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Origin: Dorsal surface of calcaneus
Insertion: Lateral side of extensor expansions of digits 2-4 Innervation: Deep fibular nerve Action: Assists extensor digitorum longus in extending toes |
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Extensor Hallucis Brevis
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Origin: Dorsal surface of calcaneus
Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of great toe Innervation: Deep fibular nerve Action: Assists extensor hallucis longus in extending great toe |
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Muscles of the Anterior Compartment of the leg
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Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius |
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Tibialis Anterior
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Origin: Lateral condyle, lateral surface of tibia & interosseous membrane
Insertion: Medial cuneiform; base of 1st metatarsal Innervation: Deep fibular nerve Action: Dorsiflexes ankle & inverts foot |
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Extensor Digitorum Longus
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Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia; medial surface of fibula & interosseous membrane
Insertion: Middle & distal phalanges of digits 2-5 Innervation: Deep fibular nerve Action: Dorsiflexes ankle & extends lateral 4 toes |
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Extensor Hallucis Longus
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Origin: Middle part of anterior surface of fibula & interosseous membrane
Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of hallux Innervation: Deep fibular nerve Action: Dorsiflexes ankle & extends great toe |
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Fibular is (Peroneus) Tertius
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Origin: Inferior 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula & interosseous membrane
Insertion: Base of 5th metatarsal Innervation: Deep fibular nerve Action: Dorsiflexes ankle & assists in eversion of foot |
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Muscles of the Lateral Compartment of the Leg
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Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus
Fibular is (Peroneus) Brevis |
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Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus
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Origin: Head & superior 2/3 of lateral side of fibula
Insertion: Base of 1st metatarsal & medial cuneiform Innervation: Superficial fibular nerve Action: Weakly plantar flexes ankle & everts foot |
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Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis
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Origin: Inferior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
Insertion: Tuberosity at base of metatarsal 5 Innervation: Superficial fibular nerve Action: Weakly plantarflexes ankle & everts foot |
