Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Iliacus |
Origin: Iliac fossa Insertion: Lesser trochanter Innervation: Femoral n. (L2-L4) Action: -Hip joint: flexion and external rotation -Lumbar spine: unilateral contraction (w/ the femur fixed) bends the trunk laterally to the same side; bilateral contraction raises the trunk from the supine position |
|
|
Psoas Major |
Origin: -Superficial: T12-L4 and associated intervertebral disks (lateral surfaces) -Deep: L1-L5 vertebrae (transverse processes) Insertion: Lesser trochanter Innervation: Direct branches from the lumbar plexus (psoas) (L2-L4) Action: -Hip joint: flexion & external rotation -Lumbar spine: unilateral contraction (w/ the femur fixed) bends the trunk laterally to the same side, bilateral contraction raises the trunk from the supine position |
|
|
Gluteus Maximus |
Origin: Sacrum (dorsal surface, lateral part), ilium (gluteal surface, posterior part), thoracolumbar fascia, sacrotuberous ligament Insertion: -Upper fibers: iliotibial tract -Lower fibers: gluteal ligament Innervation: Inferior gluteal n. (L5-S2) Action: -Entire muscle: extends & externally rotates hip in sagittal & coronal planes -Upper fibers: abduction -Lower fibers: adduction |
|
|
Gluteus Medius |
Origin: Ilium (gluteal surface below the iliac crest between the anterior and posterior gluteal line) Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur (lateral surface) Innervation: Superior gluteal n. (L4-S1) Action: -Entire muscle: abducts the hip, stabilizes the pelvis in the coronal plane. -Anterior part: flexion & internal rotation -Posterior part: extension & external rotation |
|
|
Gluteus Minimus |
Origin: Ilium (gluteal surface below the origin of gluteus medius) Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur (anterolateal surface) Innervation: superior gluteal n. (L4-S1) Action: -Entire muscle: abducts the hip, stabilizes the pelvis in the coronal plane. -Anterior part: flexion & internal rotation -Posterior part: extension & external rotation |
|
|
Tensor Fasciae Latae |
Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine Insertion: Iliotibial tract Innervation: Superior gluteal n. (L4-S1) Action: -Tenses the fascia lata -Hip joint: abduction, flexion, and internal rotation |
|
|
Piriformis |
Origin: Pelvic surface of the sacrum Insertion: Apex of the greater trochanter of the femur Innervation: Direct branches from the sacral plexus (S1-S2) Action: -External rotation, abduction, and extension of the hip joint -Stabilizes the hip joint |
|
|
Obturator Internus |
Origin: Inner surface of the obturator membrane and its bony boundaries Insertion: Medial surface of the greater trochanter Innervation: Direct branches from the sacral plexus (L5-S1) Action: External rotation, adduction, and extension of the hip joint (also active in abduction, depending on the joints position) |
|
|
Gemelli |
Origin: -Gemellus superior: ischial spine -Gemellus inferior: ischial tuberosity Insertion: Jointly w/ obturator internus tendon (medial surface, greater trochanter) Innervation: Direct branches from the sacral plexus (L5,S1) Action: External rotation, adduction, and extension of the hip joint (also active in abduction, depending on the joint's position) |
|
|
Quadratus femoris |
Origin: Lateral border of the ischial tuberosity Insertion: Intertrochanteric crest of the femur Innervation: Direct branches form the sacral plexus (L5,S1) Action: External rotation and adduction of the hip joint |
|
|
Pectineus |
Origin: Pecten pubis Insertion: Femur (pectineal line and the proximal linea aspera) Innervation: Femoral n., Obturator n. (L2, L3) Action: -Hip joint: adduction, external rotation, & slight flexion -Stabilizes the pelvis in the coronal and sagittal planes |
|
|
Adductor Longus |
Origin: Superior pubic ramus and anterior side of the pubic symphysis Insertion: Femur (linea aspera, medial lip in the middle third of the femur) Innervation: Obturator n. (L2-L4) Action: -Hip joint: adduction and flexion (up to 70°); extension (past 80° of flexion) -Stabilizes the pelvis in the coronal and sagittal planes |
|
|
Adductor brevis |
Origin: Inferior pubic ramus Insertion: Femur (linea aspera, medial lip in the middle third of the femur) Innervation: Obturator n. (L2-L4) Action: -Hip joint: adduction &flexion (up to 70°); extension (past 80° of flexion) -Stabilizes the pelvis in the coronal & sagittal planes |
|
|
Gracilis |
Origin: Inferior pubic ramus below the pubic symphysis Insertion: Tibia (medial border of the tuberosity, along with the tendons of sartorius and semitendinosus Innervation: Obturator n. (L2, L3) Action: -Hip joint: adduction and flexion -Knee joint: flexion and internal rotation |
|
|
Obturator Externus |
Origin: Outer surface of the obturator membrane and its bony boundaries Insertion: Trochanteric fossa of the femur Innervation: Obturator n. (L3, L4) Action: -Hip joint: adduction and external rotation -Stabilizes the pelvis in the sagittal plane |
|
|
Adductor Magnus |
Origin: Inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus, and ischial tuberosity Insertion: -Deep part ("fleshy insertion"): medial lip of the linea aspera -Superficial part ("tendinosus insertion"): adductor tubercle of the femur Innervation: -Deep part: obturator n. (L2-L4) -Superficial part: tibial n. (L4) Action: -Hip joint: adduction, extention, and slight flexion (the tendinosus insertion is also active in internal rotation) -Stabilizes the pelvis in the coronal and sagittal plane |
|
|
Sartorius |
Origin: -Anterior superior iliac spine Insertion: -Medial to the tibial tuberosity (together with gracilis and semitendinosus) Innervation: -Femoral n. (L2, L3) Action: -Hip joint: flexion, abduction, and external rotation -Knee joint: flexion and internal rotation |
|
|
Rectus femoris |
Origin: -Anterior inferior iliac spine, acetabular roof of hip joint Insertion: -Tibial tuberosity (via patellar ligament) Innervation: -Femoral n. (L2-L4) Action: -Hip joint: flexion -Knee joint: extension |
|
|
Vastus medialis |
Origin: -Linea aspera (medial lip), intertrochanteric line (distal part) Insertion: -Both sides of tuberosity on the medial and lateral condyles (via the medial and longitudinal patellar retinacula). And base of patella and via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity. Innervation: -Femoral n. (L2-L4) Action: -Knee joint: extension |
|
|
Vastus lateralis |
Origin: -Linea aspera (lateral lip), greater trochanter (lateral surface) insertion: -Both sides of tuberosity on the medial and lateral condyles (via the medial and longitudinal patellar retinacula). And base of patella and via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity. Innervation: -Femoral n. (L2-L4) Action: -Knee joint: extension |
|
|
Vastus intermedius |
Origin: -Femoral shaft (anterior side)) Insertion: -tibial tuberosity (via patellar ligament) Innervation: -Femoral n. (L2-L4) Action: -Knee joint: extension |
|
|
Articularis genus (distal fibers of vastus intermedius) |
Origin: -Anterior side of femoral shaft at level of the suprapatellar recess(aka bursa) Insertion: -Suprapatellar recess of knee joint capsule Innervation: -Femoral n. (L2-L4) Action: -Knee joint: extension; prevents entrapment of capsulef |
|
|
Biceps femoris (long head) |
Origin: -Ischial tuberosity, sacrotuberous ligament (common head with semitendinosus) Insertion: -Head of fibula Innervation: -Tibial n. (L5-S2) Action: -Hip joint (long head): extends the hip, stabilizes the pelvis in the sagittal plane -Knee joint: flexion and external rotation |
|
|
Biceps femoris (short head) |
Origin: -Lateral lip of the linea aspera in the middle third of the femur Insertion: -Head of fibula Innervation: -Common fibular n. (L5-S2) Action: -Knee joint: flexion and external rotation |
|
|
Semimembranosus |
Origin: -Ishcial tuberosity Insertion: -Medial tibial condyle, oblique popliteal ligament, popliteus fascia Innervation: -Tibial n. (L5-S2) Action: -Hip joint: extends the hip, stabilizes the pelvis in the sagittal plane -Knee joint: flexion and internal rotation |
|
|
Semitendinosus |
Origin: -Ischial tuberosity and sacrotuberuous ligament (common head with long head of biceps femoris) Insertion: -Medial to the tibial tuberosity in the pes anserinus (along with the tendons of gracilis and sartorius) Innervation: -Tibial n. (L5-S2) Action: -Hip joint: extends the hip, stabilizes the pelvis in the sagittal plane -Knee joint: flexion and internal rotation |
|
|
Fibularis longus |
Origin: -Fibula (head and proximal two thirds of the lateral surface, arising partly from the intermuscular septa) Insertion: -Medial cuneiform (plantar side), 1st metatarsal (base) Innervation: -Superficial fibular n. (L5, S1) Action: -Talocrural joint: plantar flexion -Subtalar joint: eversion (pronation) -Supports the transverse arch of the foot |
|
|
Fibularis brevis |
Origin: -Fibula (distal half of the lateral surface), intermuscular septa Insertion: -5th metatarsal (tuberosity at the base, with an occasional division to the dorsal aponeurosis of the 5th toe) Innervation: -Superficial fibular n. (L5, S1) Action: -Talocrural joint: plantar flexion -Subtalar joint: eversion (pronation) |
|
|
Tibialis anterior |
Origin: -Tibia (upper two thirds of the lateral surface), interosseous membrane, and superficial crural fascia (highest part) Insertion: -Medial cuneiform (medial and plantar surface), first metatarsal (medial base) Innervation: -Deep fibular n. (L4, L5) Action: -Talocrural joint: dorsiflexion -Subtalar joint: inversion (supination) |
|
|
Extensor hallucis longus |
Origin: -Fibula (middle third of the medial surface) interosseous membrane Insertion: -1st toe (at the dorsal aponeurosis and the base of its distal phalanx Innervation: -Deep fibular n. (L4, L5) Action: -Talocrural joint: dorsiflexion -Subtalar joint: active in both eversion and inversion (pronation/ supination), depending on the initial position of the foot -Extends the MTP and IP joints of the big toe |
|
|
Extensor digitorum longus |
Origin: -Fibula (head and medial superior 3/4 of surface), tibia (lateral condyle), and interosseous membrane Insertion: -2nd to 5th toes (at the dorsal aponeuroses at the bases of the distal phalanges) Innervation: -Deep fibular n. (L4, L5) Action: -Talocrural joint: dorsiflexion -Subtalar joint: eversion (pronation) -Extends the MTP and IP joints of the 2nd to 5th toes |
|
|
Fibularis tertius |
Origin: -Distal fibula (anterior border) -Inferior third of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane Insertion: -Dorsal surface of 5th metatarsal (base) Innervation: -Deep fibular n. (L4, L5) Action: -Talocrural joint: dorsiflexion -Subtalar joint: eversion (pronation) |
|
|
Gastrocnemius (Triceps surae) |
Origin: -Femur (medial and lateral epicondyles) Insertion: -Calcaneal tuberosity via the calcaneal (Achilles') tendon Innervation: -Tibial n. (S1, S2) Action: -Talocrural joint: plantar flexion -Knee joint: flexion (gastrocnemius) |
|
|
Soleus (Triceps surae) |
Origin: -Fibula (head and neck, posterior surface), tibia (soleal line via a tendinous arch) Insertion: -Calcaneal tuberosity via the calcaneal (Achilles') tendon Innervation: -Tibial n. (S1, S2) Action: -Talocrural joint: plantar flexion |
|
|
Plantaris |
Origin: -Femur (lateral epicondyle, proximal to lateral head of gastrocnemius) Insertion: -Calcaneal tuberosity Innervation: -Tibial n. (S1, S2) Action: -Negligible; may prevent compression of posterior leg musculature during knee flexion |
|
|
Tibialis Posterior |
Origin: -Interosseous membrane, posterior surface of tibia (inferior to soleal line), and posterior surface of fibula. Insertion: -Navicular tuberosity; cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, and lateral); 2nd to 4th metatarsals (bases) Innervation: -Tibial n. (L4, L5) Action: -Talocrural joint: plantar flexion -Subtalar joint: inversion (supination) -Supports the longitudinal and transverse arches |
|
|
Flexor digitorum longus |
Origin: -Tibia (middle third of posterior surface) Insertion: -2nd to 5th distal phalanges (bases) Innervation: -Tibial n. (L5-S2) Action: -Talocrural joint: plantar flexion -Subtalar joint: inversion (supination) -MTP and IP joints of the 2nd to 5th toes: plantar flexion |
|
|
Flexor hallucis longus |
Origin: -Fibula (distal two thirds of posterior surface), adjacent interosseous membrane Insertion: -1st distal phalanx (base) Innervation: -Tibial n. (L5-S2) Action: -Talocrural joint: plantar flexion -Subtalar joint: inversion (supination) -MTP and IP joints of the 1st toe: plantar flexion -Supports the medial longitudinal arch |
|
|
Popliteus |
Origin: -Lateral femoral condyle, posterior horn of the lateral meniscus Insertion: -Posterior tibial surface (above the origin at the soleus) Innervation: -Tibial n. (L4-S1) Action: -Knee joint: flexion and internal rotation (stabilizes the knee) |
|
|
Extensor digitorum brevis |
Origin: -Calcaneus (dorsal surface) Insertion: -2nd to 4th toes (at dorsal aponeuroses and bases of the middle phalanges) Innervation: -Deep fibular n. (L5, S1) Action: -Extension of the MTP and PIP joints of the 2nd to 4th toes |
|
|
Extensor hallucis brevis |
Origin: -Calcaneus (dorsal surface) Insertion: -1st toe (at dorsal aponeurosis and proximal phalanx) Innervation: -Deep fibular n. (L5, S1) Action: -Extension of the MTP joints of the 1st toe |
|
|
Abductor hallucis |
Origin: -Calcaneal tuberosity (medial process) Insertion: -1st toe (base of proximal phalanx via the medial sesamoid) Innervation: -Medial plantar n. (S1, S2) Action: -1st MTP joint: flexion and abduction of the 1st toe -Supports the longitudinal arch |
|
|
Flexor digitorum brevis |
Origin: -Calcaneal tuberosity (medial tubercle), plantar aponeurosis, and intermuscular septa Insertion: -2nd to 5th toes (both sides of middle phalanges) Innervation: -Medial plantar n. (S1, S2) Action: -Flexes the MTP and PIP joints of the 2nd to 5th toes -Supports the longitudinal arch |
|
|
Abductor digiti minimi |
Origin: -Calcaneal tuberosity (medial tubercle), plantar aponeurosis Insertion: -5th toe (base lateral side of proximal phalanx), 5th metatarsal (at tuberosity) Innervation: -Lateral plantar n. (S1-S3) Action: -Flexes the MTP joint of the 5th toe -Abducts the 5th toe -Supports the longitudinal arch |
|
|
Quadratus plantae |
Origin: -Calcaneal tuberosity (medial and plantar borders on plantar side) Insertion: -Flexor digitorum longus tendon (lateral border) Innervation: -Lateral plantar n. (S1-S3) Action: -Redirects and augments the pull of flexor digitorum longus -In addition; Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four digits. |
|
|
Lumbricals (Four muscles) |
Origin: -Flexor digitorum longus tendons (medial borders) Insertion: -2nd to 5th toes (at dorsal aponeuroses) -Medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges of lateral four digits and extensor expansions of tendons of flexor digitorum. Innervation: -1st lumbrical: medial plantar n. (S2, S3) -2nd to 4th lumbrical: lateral plantar n. (S2, S3) Action: -Flexes the MTP joints of 2nd to 5th toes -Extension of IP joints of 2nd to 5th toes -Adducts 2nd to 5th toes toward the big toe |
|
|
Flexor hallucis brevis |
Origin: -Cuboid, lateral cuneiforms, and plantar calcaneocuboid ligament Insertion: -1st toe (at both sides of base of proximal phalanx via medial and lateral sesamoids) Innervation: -Medial head: medial plantar n. (S1, S2) -Lateral head: lateral plantar n. (S1, S2) Action: -Flexes the first MTP joint -Supports the longitudinal arch |
|
|
Adductor hallucis |
Origin: -Oblique head: 2nd to 4th metatarsals (at bases) -Transverse head: MTPs of 3rd to 5th toes, deep transverse metatarsal ligament Insertion: -1st proximal phalanx (at base, by a common tendon via the lateral sesamoid) Innervation: -Lateral plantar n., deep branch (S2, S3) Action: -Flexes the first MTP joint -Adducts big toe -Transverse head: supports transverse arch -Oblique head: supports longitudinal arch |
|
|
Flexor digiti minimi brevis |
Origin: -5th metatarsal (base), long plantar ligament Insertion: -5th toe (base of proximal phalanx) Innervation: -Lateral plantar n., superficial branch (S2, S3) Action: -Flexes the MTP joint of the little toe |
|
|
Opponens digiti minimi* |
Origin: -Long plantar ligament; fibularis longus (at plantar tendon sheath) Insertion: -5th metatarsal Innervation: -Lateral plantar n., superficial branch (S2, S3) Action: -Pulls 5th metatarsal in plantar and medial direction |
|
|
Plantar interossei (three muscles) |
Origin: -3rd to 5th metatarsals (medial border) Insertion: -3rd to 5th toes (medial base of proximal phalanx) Innervation: -Lateral plantar n. (S2, S3) Action: -Flexes the MTP joints of 3rd to 5th toes -Extension of IP joints of 3rd to 5th toes -Adducts 3rd to 5th toes toward 2nd toe |
|
|
Dorsal interossei (four muscles) |
Origin: -1st to 5th metatarsal (by two heads on opposing sides) Insertion: -1st interosseus: 2nd proximal phalanx (medial base) -2nd to 4th interossei: 2nd to 4th proximal phalanges (lateral base), 2nd to 4th toes (at dorsal aponeuroses) Innervation: -Lateral plantar n. (S2, S3) Action: -Flexes the MTP joints of 2nd to 4th toes -Extension of IP joints of 2nd to 4th toes -Abducts 3rd and 4th toes from 2nd toe |
