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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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phonological process |
systematic sound changes made by children in producing adult words that affects classes of sounds (suppressed or eliminated until the child's phonological system matches that of adults) |
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articulation |
physical movements and motor abilities required to produce speech sounds |
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phonology |
organization and classification of speech sounds that occur within a language |
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5 components of language |
1. semantics 2. morphology 3. pragmatics 4. phonology 5. syntax |
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consonant place |
point in the vocal tract where the sound is made |
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manner |
way in which a sound is produced |
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voicing |
presence or absence of vocalization |
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types of places + consonants in each |
1.) bilabial: p b m w 2.) labio-dental: f v 3.)interdental: ð θ 4.)lingua-alveolar: t d n s z l 5.)lingua-palatal: ʃ ʒ tʃ dʒ r j 6.)lingua-velar: k g ŋ 7.)glottal: h |
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types of manner + consonants in each |
1.) stops: p b t d 2.) fricatives: f v s z h ð θ ʃ ʒ 3.) affricates: tʃ dʒ 4.) nasals: m n ŋ 5.) liquids: l r 6.) glides: j w |
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stridents |
affricates and noisy fricatives f v s z ʃ tʃ dʒ |
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obstruents & types |
sounds made with enough constriction of the vocal tract to impede or obstruct the airstream (stops, fricatives, affricates) |
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sonorants & types |
consonants with vowel-like qualities (nasals, liquids, glides) |
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vowel quadrilateral |
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syllable deletion |
when a syllable of a multisyllabic word is deleted, usually the weakest/unstressed syllable is the one deleted
ex. potato -> tedo |
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reduplication |
partial or total repetition of a syllable of a word.
partial: only part of the syllable is repeated total: all of the syllable is repeated diminutive: partial reduplication where final i is added to word
ex. (total) baby -> bebe
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epenthesis |
sound inserted between two consonants (typically a schwa vowel)
ex. spoon -> səpun |
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final-consonant deletion |
deletion of a singleton consonant in word-final position, resulting in an open syllable
ex. skate -> ske |
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initial-consonant deletion |
deletion of a singleton consonant in word-initial position resulting in a syllable starting with a vowel
ex. team -> im |
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cluster deletion |
deletion of some (partial) or all of the consonants of a cluster
ex.) (partial) stake -> teɪk |
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cluster substitution |
one consonant/member of a cluster is replaced with another consonant
ex.) blue -> bwu |
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stopping |
replacing of fricatives, affricates, liquids, or glides with a stop. (most commonly a stop for a fricative or affricate) can be in all word positions.
ex. soap -> top
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stridency deletion |
sound change in which a strident consonant is either omitted or replaced with a nonstrident (stridents are f v s z ʃ tʃ dʒ)
ex. soap -> op |
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fronting |
replacement of a back-of-mouth sound with a front sound (boundary is palatal-alveolar area)
ex. show -> to |
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depalatalization |
when a palatal sound is replaced with a nonpalatal sound
ex. shoot -> sut |
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palatalization |
addition of a palatal component to a nonpalatal target phoneme
ex. sew -> ʃo |
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affrication |
replacing of a fricative consonant with an affricate.
ex. shoe -> tʃu |
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Deaffrication |
changing of an affricate to a stop or fricative
ex. jeep -> zip |
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backing |
sound change in which front consonants are replaced with back consonants (velars/glottals)
shoe -> ku |
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alveolarization |
replacing of consonants made with the lips or teeth with consonants made on the alveolar ridge.
ex. food -> sud |
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labialization |
sound changes involving labial sounds replacing interdental or alveolar obstruents.
ex. thin -> fɪn |
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gliding |
replacement of liquid consonants with glides
ex. low -> wo |
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vowelization |
when syllabic liquids or nasals are replaced with vowels. ɚ can be vowelization when centralized to another pure vowel (like schwa). most common vowel substitutions for syllabics are ə o ʊ
ex. table -> teɪbo |
