Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Ring enhancing lesion
|
MAGICAL DR
Mets Abscess Glioma, granuloma Infact Contusion A Lymphoma Demyelinating disease Resolving hematoma, radiation |
|
|
Diffuse meningeal enhancement
|
meningitis
carcinomatosis (lymphoma, mets- breast, lung, prostate) postoperative sarcoid SAH intracranial hypotension |
|
|
Basilar enhancement
|
infection (TB, crypto, cocci, cysti, syphilis)
tumor (lymphoma, carcinomatosis) sarcoid chemical meningitis (ruptured dermoid, pantopaque) EG |
|
|
Dural mets and carcinomatosis
|
lymphoma
adenocarcinoma (lung, breast) CNS seeding |
|
|
Hyperdense intracranial mass
|
PNET/MB/pinealblastoma
germinoma lymphoma meningioma colloid cyst rathkes cleft cyst mets (mucinous, hemorrhagic) AVM cavernoma giant aneurysm |
|
|
Hemorrhagic mets
|
melanoma
renal cell choriocarcinoma thyroid breast lung |
|
|
Cystic intra-axial intramass
|
cystic astrocytoma/GBM
mets (SCC) hemangioblastoma dermoid epidermoid arachnoid cyst colloid cyst ganglioglioma/cytoma DNET pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma |
|
|
Blood product nodule(s)
|
AVM/cavernoma
contusion/DAI hemorrhagic mets GBM amyloid angiopathy XRT infection (HSV) |
|
|
Calcified intra-axial nodules
|
TB
cysticercosis cocci crypto toxo CMV mucinous mets |
|
|
Patchy WM changes
|
MS
ADEM radiation PML infection (toxo, hiv, lyme, hsv, viral encephalitits) vasculitis SLE HTN Drugs (cytoxan) mets lymphoma MID Binswangers venous infarcts emboli dysmyelinating |
|
|
Posterior WM changes
|
HTN
eclampsia cyclosporine tacrolimus cocaine heroin methamphetamine MTX cisplatin PML adrenaleukodystrophy |
|
|
Thickened pituitary stalk
|
EG
hypothalamic glioma sarcoid germinoma lymphoma TB |
|
|
Corpus collosum lesion
|
Trauma/DAI
Neoplasm - butterfly glioma - lymphoma Demyelinating disease - MS Metabolic/Toxicity - EtOH (Marchiafava bignami = high signal in middle layers of CC) - Renal failure - HIE Infectious - viral (influenza, EBV, PML) Infarct |
|
|
Colpocephaly
|
CCA
PVL chiari 2 pachygyria agyria complex |
|
|
CBL degeneration
|
Etoh
dilantin hereditary (Friedreichs, olivopontocerebellar, ataxia telangietasia) paraneoplastic radiation |
|
|
Extra axial mass - suprasellar
|
SATCHMOE
Sella lesion, Sarcoid Aneurysm, arachnoid cyst Teratoid (germ cell, epidermoid, dermoid) Cyst (rathke, arachnoid), Craniopharyngioma Hypothalamic glioma, Hamartoma Meningioma, mets Optic nerve glioma EG |
|
|
Calcified suprasellar mass
|
craniopharyngioma
aneurysm meningioma germ cell |
|
|
Extra axial mass - Lateral ventricle - child
|
PNET
CPP JPA |
|
|
Extra axial mass - Lateral ventricle - adult
|
subependymoma
astrocytoma mets oligodendroglioma meningioma central neurocytoma subependymal giant cell |
|
|
Extra axial - 3rd ventricle - child
|
EG
germinoma craniopharyngioma astrocytoma |
|
|
Extra axial 3rd ventricle - adult
|
colloid cyst
mets pituitary or pineal mass |
|
|
Extra axial 4th ventricle - child
|
ependymoma
medulloblastoma |
|
|
Extra axial 4th ventricle - adult
|
CPP
mets hemangioblastoma subependymoma |
|
|
Extra axial mass convexity
|
meningioma
mets lymphoma arachnoid cyst epidermoid/dermoid hemorrhagic or infectious fluid collections hemangiopericytoma |
|
|
Extra axial mass - clivus/prepontine cistern
|
meningioma
mets chordoma chondrosarcoma myeloma nasopharyngeal CA |
|
|
Extra axial mass - Foramen magnum
|
meningioma
schwannoma |
|
|
Extra axial mass - cavernous sinus
|
meningioma
schwannoma perineural spread lymphoma aneurysm CC fistula talosa hunt pituitary adenoma chordoma chondrosarcoma |
|
|
Extra axial mass - IAC
|
acoustic schwannoma
postop fibrosis meningioma neuritis (bells/ramsay hunt) hemangioma lymphoma mets sarcoidosis |
|
|
Extra axial mass - CPA
|
acoustic schwannoma
meningioma epidermoid arachnoid cyst aneurysm ependymoma trigeminal schwannoma glomus jugulare chordoma exophytic brainstem astrocytoma mets lipoma petrous apex cholesterol granuloma |
|
|
Intra axial mass - hemisphere
|
GBM
AA Oligo Lymphoma Mets PNET Ganglioma/cytoma DNET |
|
|
Intra axial mass - Pineal
|
Germ cell
- Teratoma - Germinoma - Choriocarcinoma - Embryonal Pineocytoma (adult)/Pineoblastoma Dermoid Epidermoid Tectal glioma |
|
|
Intra axial mass - cerebellum
|
astrocytoma
medulloblastoma hemangioblastoma mets ependymoma choroid plexus papilloma/carcinoma |
|
|
Intra axial mass - brainstem
|
astrocytoma
TB rhomboencephalitis (listeria) DMD (ADEM) lymphoma |
|
|
Parenchymal hemorrhage
|
AVM
cavernoma HTN mets (MRCT) drugs (coumadin, cocaine) amyloid angiopathy trauma aneurysm vasculitis herpes encephalitis venous thrombosis |
|
|
Intraventricular hemorrhage
|
trauma
AVM aneurysm extension of parenchymal hemorrhage neonatal germinal matrix |
|
|
Echogenic foci in thalamus and BG
|
infection (TORCH, HIV, syphilis)
chromosomal (downs, trisomy 13) perinatal asphyxia fetal Etoh NEC cyanotic heart dz maternal cocaine |
|
|
Bright on T1W
|
fat
metHb protein laminar necrosis manganese melanin hydrated Ca+ copper Gd-DTPA pantopaque liquid cholesterol |
|
|
Bright BG on T1W
|
Hallervoden Spatz (tiger)
CO poisening manganese (liver dz, TPN) NF-1 Blood Hypo/hyper/pseudo |
|
|
Bright BG on T2W
|
TINT
tumor (lymphoma) ischemia (HIE, venous infarct) infection (crypto) neurodegenerative (wilsons, mitochondrial) toxin (CO, methanol) |
|
|
BG calcification
|
hyper/hypo/pseudo
NF-1 TS CMV Toxo AIDS (in utero) cysticercosis fahrs lead radiation krabbes |
|
|
Wormian Bones
|
PORKCHOPS
pyknodysostosis osteogenesis imperfecta rickets kinky hair syndrome cleidocranial dysostosis hyopthyroid/hypophosphatasia otopalatodigital syndrome primary acroosteolysis (hajdu cheney) pachydermoperiostosis/progeria syndrome of down |
|
|
Periventricular Ca+ in child
|
TS
CMV Toxo |
|
|
Pulsatile tinnitus
|
aberrant ICA
high riding jugular bulb glomus tympanicum and jugulare dural AVM aneurysm CC fistula |
|
|
Intramedullary cord lesion
|
MEAT ****
MS/DMD Ependymoma Astrocytoma, AVM Trauma Syrinx Hemangioblastoma Ischemia Transverse myelitis Tumor: Ependymoma (60%), Astro (25%), Hemangioblastoma (3%) |
|
|
Intradural extramedullary cord lesion
|
nerve sheath tumor (neurofibroma, schwannoma)
meningioma lipoma dermoid (conus/filum) ependymoma (filum) drop mets lymphoma |
|
|
Extradural lesion
|
disc herniation
mets epidural abscess/hematoma neuroblastoma ganglioneuroblastoma |
|
|
Syrinx
|
congenital (chiari, DW, diastematomyelia)
tumor (astrocytoma, ependymoma) trauma infarct arachnoiditis |
|
|
Multiple enhancing nodules
|
mets
primary CNS lymphoma infection (cysticercosis, histo, TB) sarcoid multiple sclerosis subacute multifocal infarcts (vasculitis, emboli) |
|
|
Subarachnoid and drop mets
|
CPP/carcinoma
ependymoma PNET (medulloblastoma, pinealblastoma) germinoma GBM |
|
|
Parotid mass
|
lymphoepithelial cyst
sjogrens mumps lymphoma sarcoid BMT warthins MEC XRT changes Mets |
|
|
Cystic parotid mass
|
lymphoepithelial cyst
BMT warthins sialoceles abscess 1st BCC |
|
|
Skull lesions
|
EG
osteoma epidermoid dermoid cyst mets myeloma meningioma hemangioma fibrous dysplasia pagets HPT hemolytic anemia |
|
|
Petrous apex mass
|
cholesterol granuloma
mets apicitis mucocele chondrosarcoma epidermoid CN V schwannoma |
|
|
Dense temporal bones
|
pagets
FD osteopetrosis otosclerosis XRT mets engelmanns |
|
|
Basilar invagination
|
Pagets
FD OI osteomalacia rickets achondroplasia CCD morquios |
|
|
Platybasia
|
Klippel Feil
CCD Achondroplasia |
|
|
Extensive Neck LAD
|
lymphoma
thyroid cancer TB mets (SCC, Rhabdo) Castleman's |
|
|
Congenital neck mass
|
branchial cleft cyst
thyroglossal duct cyst cystic hygroma hemangioma |
|
|
Angio narrowing/dilation
|
vasculitis (PAN, PACNS, wegners, CVD, Drugs, etc)
intravascular tumor (chorio, atrial myxoma) diffuse atherosclerosis vasospasm (SAH) neurocutaneous syndrome |
|
|
Moya Moya pattern on angio
|
moya moya
sickle cell NF1 radiation meningitis |
|
|
Optic nerve mass
|
glioma
meningioma optic neuritis (actually abn signal and CE) leukemia/lymphoma mets sarcoid pseudotumor Grave's elevated ICP (pseuotumor cerebri) |
|
|
Tram track optic nerve
|
meningioma
sarcoid pseudotumor mets Erdheim-Chester Dz |
|
|
Optic Ca+
|
phthisis bulbi
- end stage eye (trauma, infection, radiation, detachment, congenital) - shrunken globe, coarse calcifications retrolental fibroplasia RB choroidal osteoma astrocystic hamartoma (TS, NF1) prior retinal detachment toxocara CMV drusen melanoma |
|
|
Lens dislocation
|
marfans (up)
homocystinuria (down) ehlers danlos trauma infection |
|
|
Leukocoria
|
RB
- MC pediatric intraocular neoplasm - BL in 40%, trilateral in 5-15% of familial cases - av age 18 months - Ca++ in 90% PHPV - us. unilateral - small hyperdense globe - "martini glass" retrolental soft tissue - no Ca++ Coats Disease - Exudative retinopathy with detachments - 90% unilateral - normal size hyperdense globe - No Ca++ Retinopathy of prematurity (aka retrolental fibroplasia) - due to oxygen therapy in premature infants - small BL hyperdense globes - Ca++ if advanced |
|
|
Intraconal lesions, not involving optic nerve
|
Well-defined:
Hemangioma Varix - serpentine - changes with valsalva Pseudotumor Neurofibroma - (CN 3,4,5) - expands superior orbital fissure Ill-defined: Lymphoma Mets Pseudotumor Infection Vascular malformation |
|
|
Extraocuar muscle lesions
|
thyroid ophthalmopathy
- IMSLO progression - Grave's disease Mets pseudotumor - Talosa-Hunt if extending to cavernous sinus through superior optic fissure lymphoma myositis |
|
|
Extraconal lesions
|
Adjacent infection/inflammation/tumor
- subperiosteal abscess - sinusitis - Wegeners Lacrimal gland Mets Pseudotumor Granulomatous disease |
|
|
Lacrimal gland mass
|
Neoplasm
- benign mixed tumor (pleomorphic adenoma) - carcinoma (adenoid cystic, mucoid epithelial) - mets Lymphoid - lymphoma - pseudotumor - hyperplasia - Sjogren's Dermoid Granulomatous disease - TB - Sarcoid - Wegner's |
|
|
Sinonasal mass
|
JNA
SCC ACC MEC Olfactory NB Mucocele Antrochoanal polyp polyposis papilloma |
|
|
Skull marrow replacement
|
lymphoma
leukemia myeloma sarcoid TB thalassemia sickle AIDS |
|
|
Absent septum pellucidum
|
holoprosencephaly
CCA SOD schizencephaly |
|
|
Middle ear soft tissue mass
|
Cholesteatoma
Granulation tissue Paraganglioma / glomus tympanicum - overlies cochlear promontory - arises from Jacobson's n. (IX) or Arnold's n. (X) Encephalocele Vascular malformation/anomaly |
|
|
Pulsatile tinnitus
|
Glomus tympanicum
Abberant ICA - =inferior tympanic a. + caroticotympanic a. (regression of cervical ICA) (+/- persistant stapedial a.) High riding jugular bulb |
|
|
Congenital hearing loss
|
Cochlear aplasia/hypoplasia
Enlarged vestibular aqueduct/endolymphatic sac syndrome - A/W absense of modiolus) - MC congenital inner ear anomaly Common cavity (cochlea + vestibule) |
|
|
Acquired mixed hearing loss
|
Otospongiosis / otosclerosis
- fenestral vs. retrofenestral - CT: labyrinthine lucencies - MR: T1W intermediate, T2W high, enh. Labyrinthitis obliterans - post infectious/inflammatory/traumatic sclerosis of membranous labyrinth - 2 types: fibrosing or ossifying - sclerosis or fibrosis of cochlea vs. non-cochlear membranous labyrinth |
|
|
Facial n. enhancement
|
Inflammatory
- Bell's palsy - Ramsay Hunt - Lyme's dz Granulomatous - Sarcoid Neoplastic - Lymphoma - Perineural spread |
|
|
Bilateral parotid masses
|
Warthin's tumor
- 10-20% BL tumor - may be cystic - MC BL parotid tumor Lymphoepithelial cysts - HIV - cystic - looks similar to Sjogrens Sjogrens - cystic - solid component may represent lymphoma Sarcoid Oncocytoma - small solid nodules Mets |
|
|
Extraconal mass in a child
|
Adjacent infection/inflammation/tumor
- subperiosteal abscess - sinusitis Rhabomyosarcoma LCH Mets - Neuroblastoma Low-flow vascular malformation |
|
|
Supratentorial mass in an infant
|
Teratoma
PNET Primary CNS neuroblastoma CPP Anaplastic astrocytoma |
|
|
Posterior fossa mass adult
|
Hemangioblastoma
Mets Abscess Infarct Astrocytoma |
|
|
f
|
f
|
|
|
f
|
f
|
