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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Macules
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Are flat skin lesions that are less than 0.5cm in size.
If you can palpate any part of the lesion, it is NOT a macule |
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Papules
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Are elevated skin lesions that are less than 0.5 cm.
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Plaques
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Skin lesions that are palpable, raised lesions that are greater that 0.5 cm
If there is a part of the lesion that is raised and part that is flat, the raised part wins out. Do NOT say “maculo-papular” rash |
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Nodules
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Are large protuberant lesions that are fuller in dimension than papules or plaques.
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Tumor
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Is a term used when the lesion is large and usually greater than several centimeters.
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Vesicles
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Are blisters that are less that 0.5cm in size.
Vesicles can be found on the skin anywhere, including mucosal surfaces, scalp, hands and feet. |
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Bullae
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Are blisters that are greater than 0.5cm in size.
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Acral Skin
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Skin on palms and soles.
Stratum corneum is very thick. |
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What are primary lesions
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Important for accurate descriptions (relating to the clinical findings to the histologic abnormality) of skin lesions.
i.e. macules, patches, papules, nodules, tumors, pustules, vesicles, bullae |
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What is the difference between macules and patches?
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Macules are less than 0.5 cm and patches are larger.
they can be red, blue, brown. |
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Mongolian spot
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These are patches…they are most commonly seen on asian and african americans. These are Neural Crest cells that have not migrated out into the body.
They can disappear over time. |
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alopecia areata
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patch of hair LOSS (balding)
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What is the difference between papules and plaques?
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Papules are less than 0.5 cm and plaques are more than 0.5 cm.
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Annulare
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a raised outside border with a depressed center.
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Granuloma Annulare
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white blood cells collecting under the skin.
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2 examples of secondary skin lesions
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excoriations and ulcerations.
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excoriations vs. ulceration
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denuded areas of skin, superficial (excoriation) and deeper (ulcers)
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dermatology tools
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biopsies, skin scrapings for tinea or yeast, Wood’s lamp illumination, Tzanck prep
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if you see scaly...
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then epidermis is involved
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An ulceration is a secondary characteristic of what primary lesions?
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bullae and vesicles
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steoird + fungus =
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really bad... a lot worse then fungus without steroid
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When you scrap the epidermis what kind of prep do you use?
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KOH prep
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Wood's Lamp
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Uses florescence to illuminate pigmentation and fungus
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giant multinucleated skin cells
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squamous cells seen in herpes
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morphea
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the single version of scleroderma
a plaque |
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if it is scaly...
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scrap it
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if it is wet...
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dry it
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if it is dry...
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wet it
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Pemphigus Vulgaris
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superficial vesicles that slough off.
(+) Nikolsky's sign |
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Nikolsky's sign
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when the lesion is rubbed, it comes right off
reason: weakening relationship and contact between the corneal (horny) and glandular layers |
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bullous pemphigoid
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fluid filled cells
managed with steroids |
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dyshidrotic eczema
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papules/pustules when fluid is coming from the eccrine glands
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myxoid cyst
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-this is not a true cyst...it is a vesicle
- it is normally located near fingernails and toenails -A cyst containing mucopolysaccharide-rich fluid within fibrous tissue or, occasionally, muscle bone or a semilunar cartilage; usually attached to a tendon sheath in the hand, wrist, or foot, or connected with the underlying joint |
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hand, foot, mouth disease
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caused by coxsackie virus
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Lymphoma
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nodules/tumors
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keloid
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scar tissue that is a result of fasiculitis
nodules |
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annulare
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a raised outside border with a depressed center
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granuloma annulare
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white blood cells collecting under the skin
result in annulare lesions |
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vitiligo
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The appearance on otherwise normal skin of nonpigmented white patches of varied sizes, often symmetrically distributed and usually bordered by hyperpigmented areas; hair in the affected areas is usually white. Epidermal melanocytes are completely lost in depigmented areas by an autoimmune process
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describe the appearance of a congenital nevus
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colored and raised
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spider angioma
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a papule with like red spider veins
if anything is raised --> papule |
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Lamellar Ischthyosis
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-Autosomal Dominant Condition
-Hyperkeratosis of the skin...scaly and open lesions - lower eyelids are pulled down, so pt cannot close eye...and decreased eyelashes and nose hair for protection |
