Lom Chapter 15 Musculoskeletal System Part 1 Vocab

Front 1

acetabulum

Back 1

Rounded depression, or socket, in the pelvis, which joins the femur (thigh bone), forming the hip joint

Front 2

Acromion

Back 2

Outward extension of the shoulder bone forming the point of the shoulder. It overlies the shoulder joint and articulates with the clavicle.

Front 3

articular cartilage

Back 3

Thin layer of cartilage occurring at the ends of long bones and covering any part of any bone that comes together with another bone to form a joint.

Front 4

Bone

Back 4

Dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton. Examples are long bones (femur), short bones (carpals), flat bones (scapula), and sesamoid bones (patella).

Front 5

Calcium

Back 5

One of the mineral constituents of bone. Calcium phosphate is the major calcium salt in bones.

Front 6

Cancellous bone

Back 6

Spongy, porous, trabecular bone.

Front 7

cartilaginous tissue (cartilage)

Back 7

Flexible, rubbery connective tissue. It is found in the immature skeleton at the epiphyseal growth plate and on joint surfaces.

Front 8

Collagen

Back 8

Dense connective tissue strands found in bone.

Front 9

Compact bone

Back 9

Hard, dense bone tissue.

Front 10

Condyle

Back 10

Knuckle-like process at the end of a bone near the joint.

Front 11

Cranial bones

Back 11

Skull bones; ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal.

Front 12

Diaphysis

Back 12

Shaft, or midportion, of a long bone.

Front 13

disk (disc)

Back 13

Flat, round, plate-like structure. An intervertebral disk is a fibrocartilaginous substance between two vertebrae.

Front 14

Epiphyseal plate

Back 14

Cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton.

Front 15

Epiphysis

Back 15

Each end of a long bone; the area beyond the epiphyseal plate.

Front 16

Facial bones

Back 16

Bones of the face: lacrimal, mandible, maxillae, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic.

Front 17

Fissure

Back 17

Narrow, slit-like opening in or between bones.

Front 18

Fontanelle

Back 18

Soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant.

Front 19

foramen

Back 19

Opening or passage in bones where blood vessels, nerves, or both enter and leave. The foramen magnum is the opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.

Front 20

Fossa

Back 20

Shallow cavity in a bone.

Front 21

Haversian canals

Back 21

Minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone.

Front 22

Malleolus

Back 22

Round process on both sides of the ankle joint. The lateral malleolus is part of the fibula, and the medial malleolus is part of the tibia.

Front 23

Manubrium

Back 23

Upper portion of the sternum; articulates with the medial aspect of the clavicle.

Front 24

Mastoid process

Back 24

Round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear.

Front 25

Medullary cavity

Back 25

Central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone.

Front 26

metaphysis

Back 26

The flared portion of a long bone, lying between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphyseal plate (meta- means between)

Front 27

Olecranon

Back 27

Large process on the proximal end of the ulna; the point of the flexed elbow.

Front 28

Osseous tissue

Back 28

Bone tissue.

Front 29

ossification

Back 29

Process of bone formation.

Front 30

Osteoblast

Back 30

Bone cell that helps form bone tissue.

Front 31

Osteoclast

Back 31

Bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bone tissue.

Front 32

periosteum

Back 32

Membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue.

Front 33

Phosphorus

Back 33

Mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium.

Front 34

Pubic symphysis

Back 34

Area of confluence (coming together) of the two pubic bones. They are joined (sym-means together, -physis means to grow) by a fibrocartilaginous disc.

Front 35

Red bone marrow

Back 35

Found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis.

Front 36

Ribs

Back 36

These 24 elongated, curved bones form the bony wall of the chest. True ribs are the first 7 pairs; false ribs are pairs 8-10; floating ribs are pairs 11 and 12.

Front 37

Sella turcica

Back 37

Depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located.

Front 38

Sinus

Back 38

Hollow cavity within a bone.

Front 39

Styloid process

Back 39

Pole-like process on the temporal bone.

Front 40

Suture

Back 40

Joint between bones, such as the skull (cranium).

Front 41

temporomandibular joint

Back 41

Connection between the temporal base of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw.

Front 42

Trabeculae

Back 42

Supporting bondles of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone

Front 43

Trochanter

Back 43

Large process on lateral proximal aspect of the femur; attachment site for muscles and tendons.

Front 44

Tubercle

Back 44

Rounded process on bone; attachment site for muscles and tendons.

Front 45

Tuberosity

Back 45

Rounded process on bone; attachment site for muscles and tendons.

Front 46

Vertebra

Back 46

An individual backbone composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, lamina, and neural canal.

Front 47

Xiphoid process

Back 47

Lower, narrow portion of the sternum.

Front 48

Yellow bone marrow

Back 48

Fatty tissue found in the diaphyses of long bones in older individuals.