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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
hydrochloric acid
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substance produced by the stomach; necessary for food digestion.
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mastication
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chewing
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amylase
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enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch
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triglycerides
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large fat molecules composed of 3 molecules of fatty acids with 1 molecule of glycerol.
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sigmoid colon
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lower part of the colon, shaped like an S
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liver
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large organ in RUQ of abdomen, it secretes bile, stores sugar, iron & vitamins; produces blood proteins; destroys worn-out red blood cells. Weighs 2.5 - 3 lbs in adults.
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lower esophageal sphincter
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ring of muscles between esophagus & stomach; a.k.a. cardiac sphincter.
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jejunum
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second part of small intestine, between duodenum & ileum. About 8' in length.
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palate
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roof of mouth; hard palate is anterior to the soft palate.
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feces
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solid waste / stools
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pancreas
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organ under the stomach; produces insulin & enzymes.
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glycogen
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starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells.
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glucose
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simple sugar
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appendix
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blind pouch hanging from the first part of the colon (cecum). Literally means 'hanging on'. Usually found in the RLQ.
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anus
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opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body
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lipase
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pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats.
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esophagus
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tube connecting the throat to the stomach
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gallbladder
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small sac under the liver; stores bile
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papillae
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small elevations on the tongue. (singular is papilla).
*a papilla is any nipple-like elevation. |
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villi
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microscopic projections in walls of small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream. (singular: villus)
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alimentary canal
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the digestive tract (canal); aliment means food
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parotid gland
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salivary gland within cheek, just anterior to the ear.
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sphincter
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ring of muscles within a tube
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enzyme
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a chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances. Digestive enzymes aid in breakdown of complex foods to simpler foods.
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bile
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digestive juice made in liver & stored in gallbladder. It emulsifies large fat globules. Composed of bile pigments, cholesterol & bile salts.
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digestion
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breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms.
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fatty acids
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substances produced when fats are digested.
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portal vein
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large vein bringing blood to liver from intestines
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emulsification
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physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller ones, increasing surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat.
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bilirubin
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pigment released by liver in bile. Produced from the destruction of hemoglobin.
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bowel
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intestine
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cecum
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first part of large intestine
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duodenum
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first part of small intestine. (duo=2, den=10... duodenum measures 12" in length)
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stomach
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muscular organ that receives food from esophagus; divided into fundus, body, & antrum (distal portion).
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ileum
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3rd (& longest) part of small intestine, about 12' in length.
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canine teeth
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pointed, dog-like teeth next to the incisors; a.k.a. cuspids or eyeteeth.
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uvula
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soft tissue hanging from the soft palate into the mouth.
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peristalsis
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rhythm-like contractions of the tubes of the GI tract (& other tube-like structures)- moves contents thru stomach in .5 to 2 hrs, small intestine in 2-6 hrs, & colon in 6-72 hrs
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amino acids
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small substances that are the building blocks of proteins & are produced when proteins are digested
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salivary glands
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parotid, sublingual, & submandibular glands
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proteases
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enzymes that digest protein
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common bile duct
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carries bile from liver & gallbladder to the duodenum
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insulin
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hormone produced by endocrine cells of pancreas. Transports sugar into cells from the blood & stimulates glycogen formation by the liver
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pulp
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soft tissue within tooth-contains nerves & blood vessels.
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pyloric sphincter
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ring of muscle at distal region of stomach, where it joins the duodenum.
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rectum
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last section of the colon.
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rugae
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ridges on the hard palate & wall of the stomach.
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colon
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large intestine; cecum, ascending, transverse & descending colon, & rectum
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deglutition
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swallowing
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dentin
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major tissue composing teeth; covered by the enamel in the crown & a protective layer of cementum in the root.
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saliva
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digestive juice produced by salivary glands
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absorption
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passage of materials through the walls of the intestine into the bloodstream
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