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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Assumption
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Assumed
assumption presupposed If added to the premise. |
Bridge the cap between the evidence and conclusion; whereas, the conclusion has something the evidence does not.
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Strengthen
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strengthen
most strongly supports the author |
Find the answer that makes the conclusion more likely to follow from the evidence.
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Weaken
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Most weakens
calls into question undermines |
Find the answer that makes the conclusion more likely to follow from the evidence.
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Flaw
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Vulnerable to criticism
questionable error in reasoning describe the flaw |
Find disconnects between evidence and conclusion according to the classic flaws.
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Classic Flaws
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Alternate possibilities,
unwarranted assumptions sufficiency vs necessity representativeness scope shift causation vs correlation opinion vs fact number vs percentage possibility vs certainty Ad Hominim Equivocation Circular reasoning Equivocation |
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Inference
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Must be true
logically completes the passage can be inferred Which of the following is most strongly supported |
Determine what must be true. Look for connections
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Parallel Reasoning
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parallel to
similar to |
Compare part, or all, of the stimulus to the choices.
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Method of Argument
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"responds to ...by"
"the argument proceeds by" "method of argument" "method of reasoning" "argumentative strategy" |
paraphrase the argument into abstract forms
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Principle
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principle
proposition policy |
look for a 1:1 match of the salient elements between the principle and the specifics
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Paradox
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explain
reconcile resolve anomaly discrepacy |
Look for the answer that eliminates the mystery between the two statements and makes the statement consistent.
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Point at Issue
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"A and B disagree over"
"Point at issue between" |
Find the issue on which both speakers have an opinion and disagree
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Main Point
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"Main Point"
"Main Conclusion" |
Locate the authors conclusion. Be wary of misleading conclusion keywords.
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Role of a Statement
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"plays wich one of the following roles",
figures in the argument in which one of the following ways" |
Locate the statement and characterize its function in the stimulus.
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Kaplan method for Logical Reasoning
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1. Identify Question Type
2. Untangle the Stimulus 3. Make a Prediction 4. Evaluate the Answer Choices |
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