Logic

Front 1

appeal to emotion

Back 1

when careful reasoning is placed by devices calculated to elicit enthusiasm and irrational support for the conclusion in advance

Front 2

appeal to force

Back 2

careful reasoning is replaced with disrect or insinuated threats in order to bring about acceptance of some conclusion

Front 3

irrelevant conclusion

Back 3

when the premises purport 2 support on conclusion but actually support another

Front 4

appeal to ignorance

Back 4

when it is argued that a proposition is true on the ground that it has not been proved false, or when it is argued that a proposition is false b/c ithas not been proved true

Front 5

false cause

Back 5

one treats the cause of a thing that is not really the cause of that thing

Front 6

hasty generlization

Back 6

one moves carelessly or too quickly from one or a very few instances

Front 7

accident

Back 7

one applies generalization to an individual case that doesnt properly govern

Front 8

complex question

Back 8

one argues by asking a question in such a way as to presuppose the trut of sum assumptin buried in the question

Front 9

begging the question

Back 9

one assumes in the premises of an argument the truth of what one seeks to establish in the conclusion of the same argument

Front 10

ad hominem

Back 10

when an attack is leveled not at the claims but at he prsn, direct attack~seek to deframe or disredit advocate of some position, or indirect

Front 11

appeal to authority

Back 11

when premise of argumentappeal to judgement of some prsn having no claim 2 authority

Front 12

composition

Back 12

attributes to a part to attributedof a whole

Front 13

division

Back 13

attributes of the whole to attribues of a part

Front 14

equvocation

Back 14

same word used with 2 or more meanings

Front 15

amphiboly

Back 15

one statement is an argument and has more than one plausable meaning