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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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chromatin
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complex of DNA, histones, and nonhistone proteins from which eukaryotic chromosomes are formed; condensation of chromatin during mitosis yields the visible metaphase chromosomes
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epigenetic
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referring to a process that affects the expression of specific genes and is inherited by daughter cells but does not involve a change in DNA sequence
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euchromatin
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less condense portions of chromatin present in interphase chromosomes; includes most transcriptionally active regions
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exon shuffling
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evolutionary process for creating new genes (i.e. new combinations of exons) from preexisting ones by recombination between introns of two separate genes or by transposition of mobile DNA elements
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gene family
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set of genes that arose by duplication of a common ancestral gene and subsequent divergence due to small changed in the nucleotide sequence
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genomics
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comparative analysis of complete genomic sequences from different organisms and determination of global patterns of gene expression; used to assess evolutionary relations among species and to predict the number and general types of RNAs produced by an organism
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heterochromatin
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regions of chromatin that remain highly condensed and transcriptionally inactive during interphase
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histones
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on of several small highly conserved basic proteins, found in the chromatin of all eukaryotic cells, that associate with DNA in the nucleosome
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open reading frame (ORF)
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region of sequenced DNA that is not interrupted by stop codons in one of the triplet reading frames; an ORF that begins with a start codon and extends for at least 100 codons has a high probability of encoding for a protein
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psuedogene
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DNA sequence that is similar to that of a functional gene but does not encode a functional product; probably arose by sequence drift of duplicated genes
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SMC proteins
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structural maintenance of chromosome proteins; a small family of nonhistone chromatin proteins that are critical for maintaining the morphological structure of chromosomes and their proper segregation during mitosis; members of this family include condensins, which help condense chromosomes during mitosis, and cohesins, which link sister chromatids until their separation in anaphase
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transcription unit
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a region in DNA, bounded by an initiation (start) site and termination site, that is transcribed into a single primary transcript
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transposable DNA element
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any DNA sequence that is not present in the same chromosomal location in all individuals of a species and can move to a new position by transposition; also called mobile DNA element and interspersed repeat
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nucleosome
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structural unit of chromatin consisting of a disk shaped core of histone proteins around which a 147 bp segment of DNA is wrapped
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